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सेना पञ्चशतं नागा रथास्तावन्त एव च । दशसेना च पृतना पृतना दशवाहिनी॥५-१५२-२१॥
A “senā” consists of five hundred elephants and an equal number of chariots; ten senās make a “pṛtanā”, and ten pṛtanās constitute a “vāhinī”.
english translation
वाहिनी पृतना सेना ध्वजिनी सादिनी चमूः । अक्षौहिणीति पर्यायैर्निरुक्ताथ वरूथिनी । एवं व्यूढान्यनीकानि कौरवेयेण धीमता॥५-१५२-२२॥
“Vāhinī”, “pṛtanā”, “senā”, “dhvajinī”, “sādinī”, and “camū” are declared to be synonymous terms; it is also called “akṣauhiṇī”, and likewise “varūthinī”. Thus did the wise Kaurava prince array the battle-formations.
english translation
अक्षौहिण्यो दशैका च संख्याताः सप्त चैव ह । अक्षौहिण्यस्तु सप्तैव पाण्डवानामभूद्बलम् । अक्षौहिण्यो दशैका च कौरवाणामभूद्बलम्॥५-१५२-२३॥
The akṣauhiṇīs were reckoned as ten plus one, and also as seven. The Pāṇḍavas’ strength amounted to seven akṣauhiṇīs, while the Kauravas’ strength amounted to ten plus one akṣauhiṇīs.
english translation
नराणां पञ्चपञ्चाशदेषा पत्तिर्विधीयते । सेनामुखं च तिस्रस्ता गुल्म इत्यभिसंज्ञितः॥५-१५२-२४॥
A “patti” is defined here as fifty-five men. Three such units constitute a “senāmukha”, which is designated as a “gulma”.
english translation
दश गुल्मा गणस्त्वासीद्गणास्त्वयुतशोऽभवन् । दुर्योधनस्य सेनासु योत्स्यमानाः प्रहारिणः॥५-१५२-२५॥
Ten gulmas constituted a “gaṇa”; and the gaṇas were present in tens of thousands—combatants, deliverers of blows, prepared for strategic engagement within Duryodhana’s forces.
english translation