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Mahabharat

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विपरीतैश च राजेन्द्र कारणैर मानुषॊ भवेत तिर्यग्यॊनिस तथा तात विशेषश चात्र वक्ष्यते ॥ ३-१७८-११ ॥

'O King, by acting contrary to the right path, people are reborn either as humans or as lower animals.' ॥ 3-178-11 ॥

english translation

कामक्रॊधसमायुक्तॊ हिंसा लॊभसमन्वितः मनुष्यत्वात परिभ्रष्टस तिर्यग्यॊनौ परसूयते ॥ ३-१७८-१२ ॥

'It is particularly stated that a person who is driven by anger, lust, greed, and malice falls away from their human nature and is born again as a lower animal.' ॥ 3-178-12 ॥

english translation

तिर्यग्यॊन्यां पृथग्भावॊ मनुष्यत्वे विधीयते गवादिभ्यस तथाश्वेभ्यॊ देवत्वम अपि दृश्यते ॥ ३-१७८-१३ ॥

'Conversely, even lower animals are destined to be reborn in the human form. Furthermore, animals such as cows, horses, and others are believed to have the potential to attain even the divine state.' ॥ 3-178-13 ॥

english translation

सॊ ऽयम एता गतीः सर्वा जन्तुश चरति कार्यवान नित्ये महति चात्मानम अवस्थापयते नृप ॥ ३-१७८-१४ ॥

'O my son, the sentient being, experiencing the consequences of his actions, undergoes transmigration through various forms of existence.' ॥ 3-178-14 ॥

english translation

जातॊ जातश च बलवान भुङ्क्ते चात्मा स देहवान फलार्थस तात निष्पृक्तः परजा लक्षणभावनः ॥ ३-१७८-१५ ॥

'However, the wise and enlightened individual places his soul in the eternal Supreme Spirit. The embodied soul, bound by fate and reaping the fruits of its own deeds, undergoes birth after birth. But one who has detached from worldly actions becomes aware of the immutable destiny that governs all living beings.' ॥ 3-178-15 ॥

english translation