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अर्थशास्त्रम्

Arthashastra

धर्मस्थीयम्

Concerning Law

In Sangrahana, Dronamukha, and Sthaniya cities, dharmasthas and amátyas administer justice. Valid agreements require personal competence and suitable circumstances, excluding those made in seclusion, at night, in forests, or via fraud. Exceptions exist for robbery, duels, royal orders, night workers, and forest dwellers. Only spy-entered fraudulent agreements remain valid. Dependent, unauthorized, or mentally impaired persons cannot bind themselves, nor can authorized individuals acting under provocation or intoxication. Violations by proposers, accessories, or witnesses incur punishment.

The text directs bridegroom payments to parents or the maiden, validating marriages upon approval. Women retain subsistence and jewelry, with endowment rules. Widows may remarry but forfeit gifts if choosing unapproved partners; kinsmen safeguard her property, which transfers to sons or kinsmen. Male remarriage faces waiting periods and penalties. Multiple marriages are permitted if obligations are met. Women reach majority at twelve, men at sixteen. Divorce requires mutual enmity or danger, with distinct property consequences for men and women.

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Distribution of verses across chapters

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Chapters

दीवानी और फौजदारी

Determination Of Forms Of Agreement; Determination Of Legal Disputes.

47 verses

विवाह कानून

Concerning Marriage. The Duty Of Marriage, The Property Of A Woman, And Compensations For Remarriage.

48 verses

स्त्रीधर्म

The Duty Of A Wife; Maintenance Of A Woman; Cruelty To Women; Enmity Between Husband And Wife; A Wife's Transgression; Her Kindness To Another; And Forbidden Transactions.

32 verses

भ्रमण और पलायन

Vagrancy, Elopement And Short And Long Sojournments.

42 verses

मुकदमे संबंधी विचार

Division Of Inheritance.

33 verses

दायभाग

Special Shares In Inheritance.

24 verses

बटवारा

Distinction Between Sons.

40 verses

भवन

Buildings.

28 verses

वस्तु विक्रय

Sale Of Buildings, Boundary Disputes, Determination Of Boundaries, And Miscellaneous Hindrances.

38 verses

पशुवों के चारागाह आदि

Destruction Of Pasture-lands, Fields And Roads, And Non-performance Of Agreements.

46 verses

कर्ज लेना और देना

Recovery Of Debts.

50 verses

धरोहर

Concerning Deposits.

53 verses

मजदूरों का विपय

Rules Regarding Slaves And Labourers.

37 verses

श्रमसहकार

Rules Regarding Labourers; And Co-operative Undertaking.

38 verses

वेचने और नहीं बेचने सम्बन्धी वाद विवाद

Rescission Of Purchase And Sale.

19 verses

स्वामित्व और उपहार-वापसी

Resumption Of Gifts, Sale Without Ownership And Ownership.

42 verses

डकैती

Robbery.

16 verses

गाली गलौज

Defamation.

12 verses

मारपीट

Assault.

30 verses

जुआ तथा अन्य अपराधों का वर्णन

Gambling And Betting And Miscellaneous Offences.

24 verses