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मनःप्रसादः सौम्यत्वं मौनमात्मविनिग्रहः । भावसंशुद्धिरित्येतत्तपो मानसमुच्यते॥६-३९-१६॥
Clarity and serenity of mind, gentleness, silence, self-restraint, and purity of inner disposition—this is called mental austerity.
english translation
श्रद्धया परया तप्तं तपस्तत्त्रिविधं नरैः । अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिर्युक्तैः सात्त्विकं परिचक्षते॥६-३९-१७॥
That threefold austerity, practiced with highest faith by those who seek no reward, is described as sāttvika.
english translation
सत्कारमानपूजार्थं तपो दम्भेन चैव यत् । क्रियते तदिह प्रोक्तं राजसं चलमध्रुवम्॥६-३९-१८॥
Austerity performed for the sake of recognition, honor, and veneration, and undertaken with ostentation, is here declared rājasa—unstable and impermanent.
english translation
मूढग्राहेणात्मनो यत्पीडया क्रियते तपः । परस्योत्सादनार्थं वा तत्तामसमुदाहृतम्॥६-३९-१९॥
Austerity undertaken through misguided fixation, involving self-affliction, or performed with the aim of harming another, is declared tāmasa.
english translation
दातव्यमिति यद्दानं दीयतेऽनुपकारिणे । देशे काले च पात्रे च तद्दानं सात्त्विकं स्मृतम्॥६-३९-२०॥
Charity given from the conviction that it ought to be given—offered to one who cannot repay, and given at the proper place, time, and to a suitable recipient—is remembered as sāttvika.
english translation