Sushruta Samhita

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यदन्यदुक्तमन्यार्थसाधकं भवति स हेत्वर्थः | यथा- मृत्पिण्डोऽद्भिः प्रक्लिघते तथा माषदुग्धप्रभृतिभिर्व्रणः प्रक्लिघत इति ||११||

sanskrit

The meaning that is indirectly implied or suggested by a word is called Hetvartha (the meaning of the cause). For example, just as a clay ball becomes moistened when it comes in contact with water, similarly, a wound becomes moist (and thus secretes) when it is treated with substances such as Masha pulse, milk, and similar substances. This indirect causality expressed in the example is Hetvartha.

english translation

hindi translation

yadanyaduktamanyArthasAdhakaM bhavati sa hetvarthaH | yathA- mRtpiNDo'dbhiH praklighate tathA mASadugdhaprabhRtibhirvraNaH praklighata iti ||11||

hk transliteration

समासवचनमुद्देशः | यथा- शल्यमिति ||१२||

sanskrit

The term "Samasa-vachana" refers to the concise statement or the compact expression of an idea, often in a compound word. For example, the word "Shalya" (foreign object or obstruction) is an instance of Samasa-vachana, where the meaning is succinctly conveyed without further elaboration.

english translation

hindi translation

samAsavacanamuddezaH | yathA- zalyamiti ||12||

hk transliteration

विस्तरवचनं निर्देशः | यथा- शारीरमागन्तुकं चेति ||१३||

sanskrit

Nirdesha is the statement in detail. For example—“Salya” is of two kinds “Sharira” (idiopathic) and “Agantu” (traumatic).

english translation

hindi translation

vistaravacanaM nirdezaH | yathA- zArIramAgantukaM ceti ||13||

hk transliteration

एवमित्युपदेशः | यथा- ‘तथा न जागृयाद्रात्रौ दिवास्वप्नं च वर्जयेत्’ इति ||१४||

sanskrit

Upadesha is an instruction for the doing of a thing in a particular way. For example—one should not sit up at night and one should give up sleep at the day time.

english translation

hindi translation

evamityupadezaH | yathA- ‘tathA na jAgRyAdrAtrau divAsvapnaM ca varjayet’ iti ||14||

hk transliteration

अनेन कारणेनेत्यपदेशः, यथाऽपदिश्यते- मधुरः श्लेष्माणमभिवर्धयतीति ||१५||

sanskrit

Apadesha is the statement of reason. For example—it has been specified that Sleshma is increased by the use of the articles of sweet taste.

english translation

hindi translation

anena kAraNenetyapadezaH, yathA'padizyate- madhuraH zleSmANamabhivardhayatIti ||15||

hk transliteration