Sushruta Samhita

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अव्यक्तं महानहङ्कारः पञ्चतन्मात्राणि चेत्यष्टौ प्रकृतयः; शेषाः षोडश विकाराः ||६||

sanskrit

The unmanifest is the great ego (Mahan Ahamkara); the five Tanmatras (elementals) are the eight aspects of nature; the remaining sixteen are modifications.

english translation

hindi translation

avyaktaM mahAnahaGkAraH paJcatanmAtrANi cetyaSTau prakRtayaH; zeSAH SoDaza vikArAH ||6||

hk transliteration

स्वः स्वश्चैषां विषयोऽधिभूतं; स्वयमध्यात्मम्; अधिदैवतम्- अथ बुद्धेर्ब्रह्मा, अहङ्कारस्येश्वरः, मनसश्चन्द्रमाः, दिशः श्रोत्रस्य, त्वचो वायुः, सूर्यश्चक्षुषः, रसनस्यापः, पृथिवी घ्राणस्य, वाचोऽग्निः, हस्तयोरिन्द्रः, पादयोर्विष्णुः, पायोर्मित्रः, प्रजापतिरुपस्थस्येति ||७||

sanskrit

The subjects of these (elements) are the physical (Adhibhuta), the self (Adhyatma), and the divine (Adhidaiva); thus, Brahma is the tutelary deity of intellect, Ishvara of egoism, the moon of the mind, the quarters of the ears, the wind of the skin, the sun of the eyes, water of taste, earth of smell, fire of speech, Indra of hands, Vishnu of feet, Mitra of the anus, and Prajapati of the organs of generation.

english translation

hindi translation

svaH svazcaiSAM viSayo'dhibhUtaM; svayamadhyAtmam; adhidaivatam- atha buddherbrahmA, ahaGkArasyezvaraH, manasazcandramAH, dizaH zrotrasya, tvaco vAyuH, sUryazcakSuSaH, rasanasyApaH, pRthivI ghrANasya, vAco'gniH, hastayorindraH, pAdayorviSNuH, pAyormitraH, prajApatirupasthasyeti ||7||

hk transliteration

तत्र सर्व एवाचेतन एष वर्गः, पुरुषः पञ्चविंशतितमः कार्यकारणसंयुक्तश्चेतयिता भवति | सत्यप्यचैतन्ये प्रधानस्य पुरुषकैवल्यार्थं प्रवृत्तिमुपदिशन्ति, क्षीरादींश्चात्र हेतूनुदाहरन्ति ||८||

sanskrit

In this context, all these are considered unconscious entities. The purusha (conscious being) is the twenty-fifth, who is the thinker, associated with cause and effect. Even though the fundamental nature is unconscious, it is said that the purusha is directed towards liberation. They illustrate this with examples such as milk and its components.

english translation

hindi translation

tatra sarva evAcetana eSa vargaH, puruSaH paJcaviMzatitamaH kAryakAraNasaMyuktazcetayitA bhavati | satyapyacaitanye pradhAnasya puruSakaivalyArthaM pravRttimupadizanti, kSIrAdIMzcAtra hetUnudAharanti ||8||

hk transliteration

अत ऊर्ध्वं प्रकृतिपुरुषयोः साधर्म्यवैधर्म्ये व्याख्यास्यामः | तद्यथा- उभावप्यनादी, उभावप्यनन्तौ, उभावप्यलिङ्गौ, उभावपि नित्यौ, उभावप्यनपरौ , उभौ च सर्वगताविति; एका तु प्रकृतिरचेतना त्रिगुणा बीजधर्मिणी प्रसवधर्मिण्यमध्यस्थधर्मिणी चेति, बहवस्तु पुरुषाश्चेतनावन्तोऽगुणा अबीजधर्माणोऽप्रसवधर्माणो मध्यस्थधर्माणश्चेति ||९||

sanskrit

Now, we will explain the similarity and difference between prakriti (nature) and purusha (consciousness). Both are beginningless, both are infinite, both possess a distinctive nature, both are eternal, both are incomparable, and both are all-pervading. However, prakriti is unconscious, consisting of three gunas (qualities), and is characterized by the potential for creation; while there are many purushas who are conscious, devoid of qualities, without inherent nature, and without the potential for creation.

english translation

hindi translation

ata UrdhvaM prakRtipuruSayoH sAdharmyavaidharmye vyAkhyAsyAmaH | tadyathA- ubhAvapyanAdI, ubhAvapyanantau, ubhAvapyaliGgau, ubhAvapi nityau, ubhAvapyanaparau , ubhau ca sarvagatAviti; ekA tu prakRtiracetanA triguNA bIjadharmiNI prasavadharmiNyamadhyasthadharmiNI ceti, bahavastu puruSAzcetanAvanto'guNA abIjadharmANo'prasavadharmANo madhyasthadharmANazceti ||9||

hk transliteration

तत्र कारणानुरूपं कार्यमिति कृत्वा सर्व एवैते विशेषाः सत्त्वरजस्तमोमया भवन्ति; तदञ्जनत्वात्तन्मयत्वाच्च तद्गुणा एव पुरुषा भवन्तीत्येके भाषन्ते ||१०||

sanskrit

Thus, considering the effect according to its cause, all these distinctions are composed of the three qualities: sattva, rajas, and tamas. Due to their inherent nature and essence, some say that these qualities themselves become the purusha (consciousness).

english translation

hindi translation

tatra kAraNAnurUpaM kAryamiti kRtvA sarva evaite vizeSAH sattvarajastamomayA bhavanti; tadaJjanatvAttanmayatvAcca tadguNA eva puruSA bhavantItyeke bhASante ||10||

hk transliteration