ताः पुनः पञ्च विज्ञेया लक्षणैः स्वैर्यथोदितैः । शाकपत्रखरा सुप्ता स्फुटिता वातदूषिता ॥ ३१ ॥
these nadi (fissures) are five kinds having the features of the doshas respectively. The tongue becoming rough like the leaf of leafy vegetable, having loss of sensation (of taste) and cracked/fissured is vitiated by Vata;
that vitiated by Pitta has burning sensation, feeling of heat and studded with red muscular eruptions that vitiated by Kapha, has elevations like the thorns of a śālmalī – Salmalia malabarica tree, bahalā -becomes thick and heavy.
A raised swelling underneath of the tongue, caused by Kapha and Pitta, causing rigidity (loss of movement) of the tongue, emitting fishy smell, ripening and causing denudation of the muscle this disease is Alasa.
A swelling resembling the tip of the tongue, developing under the root of the (binding septum) tongue, studded with sprouts, caused by Kapha, Pitta and Asra (blood), leading to more of salivation, feeling of heat, loss of movement, rough on touch,
painful, itching and obstructing speaking and swallowing of food. This disease called Adhijihva. A similar one developing over the tongue is known as Upajihva.