Charak Samhita

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siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/8/16

मनसस्तु चिन्त्यमर्थः| तत्र मनसो मनोबुद्धेश्च त एव समानातिहीनमिथ्यायोगाः प्रकृतिविकृतिहेतवो भवन्ति ||१६||

sanskrit

[Functions of mind and preservation of mental health] Object of mind: The object of the mind is to think. Proper and improper (excessive, deficient and deviant) association of mind and its ultimate perception (mano-buddhi) causes normal and abnormal perceptions respectively.

english translation

manasastu cintyamarthaH| tatra manaso manobuddhezca ta eva samAnAtihInamithyAyogAH prakRtivikRtihetavo bhavanti ||16||

hk transliteration

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siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/8/17

तत्रेन्द्रियाणां समनस्कानामनुपतप्तानामनुपतापाय प्रकृतिभावे प्रयतितव्यमेभिर्हेतुभिः; तद्यथा सात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगेनबुद्ध्या सम्यगवेक्ष्यावेक्ष्य कर्मणां सम्यक् प्रतिपादनेन, देशकालात्मगुणविपरीतोपासनेन चेति| तस्मादात्महितं चिकीर्षता सर्वेण सर्वं सर्वदा स्मृतिमास्थाय सद्वृत्तमनुष्ठेयम् ||१७||

sanskrit

[Preservation of normal mind] One should always make efforts to maintain normalcy of sense organs with mind and protect them from any kind of trauma. This can be achieved by proper association of sense organs and their objects, performance of duties after duly considering their pros and cons with the help of the intellect together with the sense faculties and by following (preventive) measures opposite to the qualities of place, season and one’s own constitution. So all, who are desirous of their own well-being, should always remember and abide by all the codes of conduct (described in the following verse).

english translation

tatrendriyANAM samanaskAnAmanupataptAnAmanupatApAya prakRtibhAve prayatitavyamebhirhetubhiH; tadyathA sAtmyendriyArthasaMyogenabuddhyA samyagavekSyAvekSya karmaNAM samyak pratipAdanena, dezakAlAtmaguNaviparItopAsanena ceti| tasmAdAtmahitaM cikIrSatA sarveNa sarvaM sarvadA smRtimAsthAya sadvRttamanuSTheyam ||17||

hk transliteration

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siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/8/18

तद्ध्यनुतिष्ठन् युगपत् सम्पादयत्यर्थद्वयमारोग्यमिन्द्रियविजयं चेति; तत् सद्वृत्तमखिलेनोपदेक्ष्यामोऽग्निवेश !तद्यथा- देवगोब्राह्मणगुरुवृद्धसिद्धाचार्यानर्चयेत्, अग्निमुपचरेत्, ओषधीः प्रशस्ता धारयेत्, द्वौ कालावुपस्पृशेत्, मलायनेष्वभीक्ष्णं पादयोश्च वैमल्यमादध्यात्, त्रिःपक्षस्य केशश्मश्रुलोमनखान् संहारयेत्, नित्यमनुपहतवासाः सुमनाः सुगन्धिः स्यात्, साधुवेशः, प्रसिद्धकेशः , मूर्धश्रोत्रघ्राणपादतैलनित्यः, धूमपः, पूर्वाभिभाषी, सुमुखः, दुर्गेष्वभ्युपपत्ता, होता,यष्टा, दाता, चतुष्पथानां नमस्कर्ता, बलीनामुपहर्ता, अतिथीनां पूजकः, पितृभ्यः पिण्डदः, काले हितमितमधुरार्थवादी,वश्यात्मा, धर्मात्मा, हेतावीर्ष्युः, फले नेर्ष्युः, निश्चिन्तः, निर्भीकः, ह्रीमान्, धीमान्, महोत्साहः, दक्षः, क्षमावान्, धार्मिकः,आस्तिकः, विनयबुद्धिविद्याभिजनवयोवृद्धसिद्धाचार्याणामुपासिता , छत्री दण्डी मौली सोपानत्को युगमात्रदृग्विचरेत् , मङ्गलाचारशीलः, कुचेलास्थिकण्टकामेध्यकेशतुषोत्करभस्मकपालस्नानबलिभूमीनां परिहर्ता, प्राक् श्रमाद् व्यायामवर्जीस्यात्, सर्वप्राणिषु बन्धुभूतः स्यात्, क्रुद्धानामनुनेता, भीतानामाश्वासयिता, दीनानामभ्युपपत्ता, सत्यसन्धः, सामप्रधानः , परपरुषवचनसहिष्णुः, अमर्षघ्नः, प्रशमगुणदर्शी, रागद्वेषहेतूनां हन्ता च ||१८||

sanskrit

[Sadvritta (Code of conduct)] Sadvritta for positive health and control of senses: That (sadvritta), if practiced simultaneously fulfils two objectives – maintenance of positive health and control over sense organs. Agnivesha! I shall entirely explain the codes of conduct , such as: -One should worship God, cows, Brahmins, preceptors, elderly persons, highly accomplished persons and teachers. -One should honor fire with oblation, should put on auspicious herbs One should bathe twice a day, and one should clean his excretory passages and feet frequently. -Cutting of hair, shaving & nail cutting should be done thrice a fortnight One should always wear untorn clothes, should be cheerful, use flowers and fragrance. The attire should be gentle and style of hair should be as commonly in practice. -One should apply oil to head, ear, nose, and feet daily and should resort to (healthy) smoking. -One should take an initiative during discourses and remain pleasant faced. -One should save persons in dire situations or distress. -Should offer oblation, perform religious sacrifices, donations, pay respect to road crossings, offer bali (religious offerings or ritualistic sacrifices). -Should offer hospitality to guests, offer pindas (rice balls) to forefathers. -One should timely speak useful, measured, sweet & meaningful words Should be self controlled & virtuous. -One should be zealous to the cause but not be anxious about the result/outcome. -One should be free from anxiety, fearless, shy (from committing bad deeds), wise, highly enthusiastic, skillful, fore bearing, religious, with positive attitude. -One should be devoted to the teachers, accomplished persons and to those who are superior in modesty, intellect, learning, clan and age. -One should walk with an umbrella, stick, turban & foot wear, and look six feet ahead. -One should adopt auspicious conduct, should avoid places with dirty clothes, bones, thorns, impure articles, hairs, chaff, garbage, ash, and skull and one should bathe & sacrifice. -Should discontinue exercise before feeling of fatigue. -Should behave like brother to all living beings (i.e., should be compassionate), should pacify the angry and the discontent, and console the frightened. -Should help the poor, be truthful & peaceful. -Should be tolerant of harsh words, and should curb the practice of intolerance. -Should always concentrate on the qualities of peaceful life and should be the remover of the causes of attachment and aversion.

english translation

taddhyanutiSThan yugapat sampAdayatyarthadvayamArogyamindriyavijayaM ceti; tat sadvRttamakhilenopadekSyAmo'gniveza !tadyathA- devagobrAhmaNaguruvRddhasiddhAcAryAnarcayet, agnimupacaret, oSadhIH prazastA dhArayet, dvau kAlAvupaspRzet, malAyaneSvabhIkSNaM pAdayozca vaimalyamAdadhyAt, triHpakSasya kezazmazrulomanakhAn saMhArayet, nityamanupahatavAsAH sumanAH sugandhiH syAt, sAdhuvezaH, prasiddhakezaH , mUrdhazrotraghrANapAdatailanityaH, dhUmapaH, pUrvAbhibhASI, sumukhaH, durgeSvabhyupapattA, hotA,yaSTA, dAtA, catuSpathAnAM namaskartA, balInAmupahartA, atithInAM pUjakaH, pitRbhyaH piNDadaH, kAle hitamitamadhurArthavAdI,vazyAtmA, dharmAtmA, hetAvIrSyuH, phale nerSyuH, nizcintaH, nirbhIkaH, hrImAn, dhImAn, mahotsAhaH, dakSaH, kSamAvAn, dhArmikaH,AstikaH, vinayabuddhividyAbhijanavayovRddhasiddhAcAryANAmupAsitA , chatrI daNDI maulI sopAnatko yugamAtradRgvicaret , maGgalAcArazIlaH, kucelAsthikaNTakAmedhyakezatuSotkarabhasmakapAlasnAnabalibhUmInAM parihartA, prAk zramAd vyAyAmavarjIsyAt, sarvaprANiSu bandhubhUtaH syAt, kruddhAnAmanunetA, bhItAnAmAzvAsayitA, dInAnAmabhyupapattA, satyasandhaH, sAmapradhAnaH , paraparuSavacanasahiSNuH, amarSaghnaH, prazamaguNadarzI, rAgadveSahetUnAM hantA ca ||18||

hk transliteration

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19

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/8/19

नानृतं ब्रूयात्, नान्यस्वमाददीत, नान्यस्त्रियमभिलषेन्नान्यश्रियं, न वैरं रोचयेत्, न कुर्यात् पापं, न पापेऽपि पापी स्यात्,नान्यदोषान् ब्रूयात्, नान्यरहस्यमागमयेन्, नाधार्मिकैर्न नरेन्द्रद्विष्टैः सहासीत नोन्मत्तैर्न पतितैर्न भ्रूणहन्तृभिर्न क्षुद्रैर्नदुष्टैः, न दुष्टयानान्यारोहेत, न जानुसमं कठिनमासनमध्यासीत, नानास्तीर्णमनुपहितमविशालमसमं वा शयनं प्रपद्येत,न गिरिविषममस्तकेष्वनुचरेत्, न द्रुममारोहेत्, न जलोग्रवेगमवगाहेत, न कुलच्छायामुपासीत , नाग्न्युत्पातमभितश्चरेत्,नोच्चैर्हसेत्, न शब्दवन्तं मारुतं मुञ्चेत्, नानावृतमुखो जृम्भां क्षवथुं हास्यं वा प्रवर्तयेत्, न नासिकां कुष्णीयात्, न दन्तान्विघट्टयेत्, न नखान् वादयेत्, नास्थीन्यभिहन्यात्, न भूमिं विलिखेत्, न छिन्द्यात्तृणं, न लोष्टं मृद्नीयात्, नविगुणमङ्गैश्चेष्टेत, ज्योतींष्यनिष्टममेध्यमशस्तं च नाभिवीक्षेत, न हुङ्कुर्याच्छवं , नचैत्यध्वजगुरुपूज्याशस्तच्छायामाक्रामेत्, न क्षपास्वमरसदनचैत्यचत्वरचतुष्पथोपवनश्मशानाघातनान्यासेवेत , नैकःशून्यगृहं न चाटवीमनुप्रविशेत्, न पापवृत्तान् स्त्रीमित्रभृत्यान् भजेत, नोत्तमैर्विरुध्येत, नावरानुपासीत, न जिह्मं रोचयेत्,नानार्यमाश्रयेत्, न भयमुत्पादयेत्, न साहसातिस्वप्नप्रजागरस्नानपानाशनान्यासेवेत, नोर्ध्वजानुश्चिरं तिष्ठेत्, नव्यालानुपसर्पेन्न दंष्ट्रिणो न विषाणिनः, पुरोवातातपावश्यायातिप्रवाताञ्जह्यात्, कलिं नारभेत, नासुनिभृतोऽग्निमुपासीत नोच्छिष्टः, नाधः कृत्वा प्रतापयेत्, नाविगतक्लमो नानाप्लुतवदनो न नग्न उपस्पृशेत्, न स्नानशाट्या स्पृशेदुत्तमाङ्गं, नकेशाग्राण्यभिहन्यात्, नोपस्पृश्य ते एव वाससी बिभृयात्, नास्पृष्ट्वा रत्नाज्यपूज्यमङ्गलसुमनसोऽभिनिष्क्रामेत्, नपूज्यमङ्गलान्यपसव्यं गच्छेन्नेतराण्यनुदक्षिणम् ||१९||

sanskrit

[The forbidden codes of conduct] -One should not tell lies and should not take other’s possessions. -Should not covet other’s women or property. -Should not indulge in enmity, sinful acts, or be vicious (even to a sinner) -Should not point out defects of others and should not try to know other’s secrets. -One should not keep company of the unvirtuous, those hated by the king, insane persons, those not following social ethics, foetus killers, wretched and wicked ones. -One should not ride on defective vehicles, sit on hard place of knee height, sleep on uncovered hard bed or having no pillow, not having sufficient dimensions or uneven. -One should not move on uneven tops of the mountains, climb trees, and take dip in water with strong currents. -One should not tread on the shade of a bank, or move around the place that are prone to fire hazards, should not laugh loudly, release flatus with sound, should not yawn, sneeze, or laugh with uncovered mouth, should not contort the nose, grind teeth, make scratching sounds using nails, strike the bones, scrape the earth, cut the grass, press the earthen lamp, perform any improper actions of body parts . -One should not see light, undesirable, impure and inauspicious objects, should not produce any abnormally loud sound at the sight of corpse and tread on the shadow of sacred persons, teachers, revered ones or any such persons. -One should not stay for long in the temples, sacred places, raised platforms, crossroads, gardens, cremation grounds & places of execution during nights, and should not enter a deserted house or forests alone. -One should not be attached to women, friends and servants with sinful conduct, should not oppose or antagonize superior persons and be attached to inferior persons. -One should not take interest in crooked things, take refuge of wicked persons and indulge in frightening/ terrorising acts. -One should not indulge in undue courage or excessive sleep, night awakening, bath, drinks and food. One should not stay for long with knees up and approach fierce animals and those having prominent teeth and horns. -One should not be exposed to easterly winds, the sun, dews and the strong currents of wind. -One should not initiate quarrels. -One should not do yajna (worship fire) in secluded place, should not keep feet close to fire, and should not wear spotted clothes. One should not take bath when tired and exhausted, and should rest and wash the face before taking bath. Should not touch the head with dirty clothes nor should strike at hair tips and should wear fresh clothes after bathing . -One should not leave without touching the gems, ghee, the respectable, the auspicious and flowers. -One should not pass the respectable and the auspicious on left and others on right side.

english translation

nAnRtaM brUyAt, nAnyasvamAdadIta, nAnyastriyamabhilaSennAnyazriyaM, na vairaM rocayet, na kuryAt pApaM, na pApe'pi pApI syAt,nAnyadoSAn brUyAt, nAnyarahasyamAgamayen, nAdhArmikairna narendradviSTaiH sahAsIta nonmattairna patitairna bhrUNahantRbhirna kSudrairnaduSTaiH, na duSTayAnAnyAroheta, na jAnusamaM kaThinamAsanamadhyAsIta, nAnAstIrNamanupahitamavizAlamasamaM vA zayanaM prapadyeta,na giriviSamamastakeSvanucaret, na drumamArohet, na jalogravegamavagAheta, na kulacchAyAmupAsIta , nAgnyutpAtamabhitazcaret,noccairhaset, na zabdavantaM mArutaM muJcet, nAnAvRtamukho jRmbhAM kSavathuM hAsyaM vA pravartayet, na nAsikAM kuSNIyAt, na dantAnvighaTTayet, na nakhAn vAdayet, nAsthInyabhihanyAt, na bhUmiM vilikhet, na chindyAttRNaM, na loSTaM mRdnIyAt, naviguNamaGgaizceSTeta, jyotIMSyaniSTamamedhyamazastaM ca nAbhivIkSeta, na huGkuryAcchavaM , nacaityadhvajagurupUjyAzastacchAyAmAkrAmet, na kSapAsvamarasadanacaityacatvaracatuSpathopavanazmazAnAghAtanAnyAseveta , naikaHzUnyagRhaM na cATavImanupravizet, na pApavRttAn strImitrabhRtyAn bhajeta, nottamairvirudhyeta, nAvarAnupAsIta, na jihmaM rocayet,nAnAryamAzrayet, na bhayamutpAdayet, na sAhasAtisvapnaprajAgarasnAnapAnAzanAnyAseveta, nordhvajAnuzciraM tiSThet, navyAlAnupasarpenna daMSTriNo na viSANinaH, purovAtAtapAvazyAyAtipravAtAJjahyAt, kaliM nArabheta, nAsunibhRto'gnimupAsIta nocchiSTaH, nAdhaH kRtvA pratApayet, nAvigataklamo nAnAplutavadano na nagna upaspRzet, na snAnazATyA spRzeduttamAGgaM, nakezAgrANyabhihanyAt, nopaspRzya te eva vAsasI bibhRyAt, nAspRSTvA ratnAjyapUjyamaGgalasumanaso'bhiniSkrAmet, napUjyamaGgalAnyapasavyaM gacchennetarANyanudakSiNam ||19||

hk transliteration

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20

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/8/20

नारत्नपाणिर्नास्नातो नोपहतवासा नाजपित्वा नाहुत्वा देवताभ्यो नानिरूप्य पितृभ्यो नादत्त्वा गुरुभ्यो नातिथिभ्योनोपाश्रितेभ्यो नापुण्यगन्धो नामाली नाप्रक्षालितपाणिपादवदनो नाशुद्धमुखो नोदङ्मुखो न विमनानाभक्ताशिष्टाशुचिक्षुधितपरिचरो न पात्रीष्वमेध्यासु नादेशे नाकाले नाकीर्णे नादत्त्वाऽग्रमग्नये नाप्रोक्षितं प्रोक्षणोदकैर्नमन्त्रैरनभिमन्त्रितं न कुत्सयन्न कुत्सितं न प्रतिकूलोपहितमन्नमाददीत, न पर्युषितमन्यत्रमांसहरितकशुष्कशाकफलभक्ष्येभ्यः, नाशेषभुक् स्यादन्यत्र दधिमधुलवणसक्तुसर्पिभ्यः, न नक्तं दधि भुञ्जीत, नसक्तूनेकानश्नीयान्न निशि न भुक्त्वा न बहून्न द्विर्नोदकान्तरितात्, न छित्त्वा द्विजैर्भक्षयेत् ||२०||

sanskrit

[Codes/Etiquette for eating] -One should not eat without wearing precious stones in the hand or without taking bath or while wearing torn clothes, without reciting mantras, without offering oblations to God, without offerings to the departed forefathers, teachers, guests and dependants. -One should not eat without applying purifying fragrance and garland, without washing hands, feet and face, without cleaning the mouth, facing towards the north, with depressed /stressed mind, surrounded by the disloyal, undisciplined, unclean and hungry attendants, in unclean utensils or at improper place and time, in crowded surroundings, without first offering to the fire, without sprinkling with sacred water, without sanctifying it with mantras, with contemptuous disposition towards the food. -One should not take contaminated meal or food which has been served by enemies or opponents. -One should not take stale food (meat, salad, dry vegetables, fruit and hard eatables). -One should not finish the all food (served in the plate) articles except the curd, honey, salt, roasted grain flour and ghee (these should be finished). -One should not take curd at night. One should not consume roasted grain flour without mixing it with ghee and sugar, in the night, after meals, in large quantity, twice daily or interrupted with water intake or tearing with teeth.

english translation

nAratnapANirnAsnAto nopahatavAsA nAjapitvA nAhutvA devatAbhyo nAnirUpya pitRbhyo nAdattvA gurubhyo nAtithibhyonopAzritebhyo nApuNyagandho nAmAlI nAprakSAlitapANipAdavadano nAzuddhamukho nodaGmukho na vimanAnAbhaktAziSTAzucikSudhitaparicaro na pAtrISvamedhyAsu nAdeze nAkAle nAkIrNe nAdattvA'gramagnaye nAprokSitaM prokSaNodakairnamantrairanabhimantritaM na kutsayanna kutsitaM na pratikUlopahitamannamAdadIta, na paryuSitamanyatramAMsaharitakazuSkazAkaphalabhakSyebhyaH, nAzeSabhuk syAdanyatra dadhimadhulavaNasaktusarpibhyaH, na naktaM dadhi bhuJjIta, nasaktUnekAnaznIyAnna nizi na bhuktvA na bahUnna dvirnodakAntaritAt, na chittvA dvijairbhakSayet ||20||

hk transliteration

Chapter 8

Verses 21-25