Charak Samhita

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तृतीये मासि सर्वेन्द्रियाणि सर्वाङ्गावयवाश्च यौगपद्येनाभिनिर्वर्तन्ते ||११||

sanskrit

[Features in third month] In third month, all the sense organs along with all the body parts are manifested simultaneously.

english translation

tRtIye mAsi sarvendriyANi sarvAGgAvayavAzca yaugapadyenAbhinirvartante ||11||

hk transliteration

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तत्रास्य केचिदङ्गावयवा मातृजादीनवयवान् विभज्य पूर्वमुक्ता यथावत्| महाभूतविकारप्रविभागेन त्विदानीमस्य तांश्चैवाङ्गावयवान् कांश्चित् पर्यायान्तरेणापरांश्चानुव्याख्यास्यामः| मातृजादयोऽप्यस्य महाभूतविकारा एव| तत्रास्याकाशात्मकं शब्दः श्रोत्रं लाघवं सौक्ष्म्यं विवेकश्च, वाय्वात्मकं स्पर्शः स्पर्शनं रौक्ष्यं प्रेरणं धातुव्यूहनं चेष्टाश्च शारीर्यः, अग्न्यात्मकं रूपं दर्शनं प्रकाशः पक्तिरौष्ण्यं च, अबात्मकं रसो रसनं शैत्यं मार्दवं स्नेहःक्लेदश्च, पृथिव्यात्मकं गन्धो घ्राणं गौरवं स्थैर्यं मूर्तिश्चेति ||१२||

sanskrit

[Mahabhuta-specific features] Some of the body parts of fetus like those having origin in mother etc. have already been enumerated earlier. Now we will enlist them according to the category based on modifications of the panchamahabhuta (five elements) with some additional ones. Even those parts originated from mother etc. are also due to modifications on panchamahabhuta. In the fetus, the parts originated from akasha mahabhuta are- sound, auditory sensation, lightness, fineness and space; the parts from vayu mahabhuta are – tangibility, sense of touch, roughness, impulsion, structuring of body tissues and maintaining of movements of the body and dosha; the parts belonging to agni mahabhuta are visible form, vision, brightness, digestion and heat; those belonging to apa mahabhuta are taste, sense of taste, coldness, softness, unctuousness and moisture; those belonging to prithvi mahabhuta are odor, sensation of smell, heaviness, steadiness and material form.

english translation

tatrAsya kecidaGgAvayavA mAtRjAdInavayavAn vibhajya pUrvamuktA yathAvat| mahAbhUtavikArapravibhAgena tvidAnImasya tAMzcaivAGgAvayavAn kAMzcit paryAyAntareNAparAMzcAnuvyAkhyAsyAmaH| mAtRjAdayo'pyasya mahAbhUtavikArA eva| tatrAsyAkAzAtmakaM zabdaH zrotraM lAghavaM saukSmyaM vivekazca, vAyvAtmakaM sparzaH sparzanaM raukSyaM preraNaM dhAtuvyUhanaM ceSTAzca zArIryaH, agnyAtmakaM rUpaM darzanaM prakAzaH paktirauSNyaM ca, abAtmakaM raso rasanaM zaityaM mArdavaM snehaHkledazca, pRthivyAtmakaM gandho ghrANaM gauravaM sthairyaM mUrtizceti ||12||

hk transliteration

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13

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एवमयं लोकसम्मितः पुरुषः| यावन्तो हि लोके मूर्तिमन्तो भावविशेषास्तावन्तः पुरुषे, यावन्तः पुरुषे तावन्तो लोके इति; बुधास्त्वेवं द्रष्टुमिच्छन्ति ||१३||

sanskrit

[Loka purusha theory] Therefore the individual is an embodiment of the universe. All the material and spiritual phenomena of the universe are present in the individual and vice versa. This is how the wise desires to perceive.

english translation

evamayaM lokasammitaH puruSaH| yAvanto hi loke mUrtimanto bhAvavizeSAstAvantaH puruSe, yAvantaH puruSe tAvanto loke iti; budhAstvevaM draSTumicchanti ||13||

hk transliteration

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एवमस्येन्द्रियाण्यङ्गावयवाश्च यौगपद्येनाभिनिर्वर्तन्तेऽन्यत्र तेभ्यो भावेभ्यो येऽस्य जातस्योत्तरकालं जायन्ते; तद्यथा-दन्ता व्यञ्जनानि व्यक्तीभावस्तथायुक्तानि चापराणि| एषा प्रकृतिः, विकृतिः पुनरतोऽन्यथा| सन्ति खल्वस्मिन् गर्भे केचिन्नित्या भावाः, सन्ति चानित्याः केचित्| तस्य य एवाङ्गावयवाः सन्तिष्ठन्ते, त एव स्त्रीलिङ्गं पुरुषलिङ्गं नपुंसकलिङ्गं वा बिभ्रति| तत्र स्त्रीपुरुषयोर्ये वैशेषिका भावाः प्रधानसंश्रया गुणसंश्रयाश्च, तेषां यतो भूयस्त्वं ततोऽन्यतरभावः| तद्यथा- क्लैब्यं भीरुत्वमवैशारद्यं मोहोऽनवस्थानमधोगुरुत्वमसहनं शैथिल्यं मार्दवं गर्भाशयबीजभागस्तथायुक्तानिचापराणि स्त्रीकराणि, अतो विपरीतानि पुरुषकराणि, उभयभागावयवा नपुंसककराणि भवन्ति ||१४||

sanskrit

[Gender specific features in development of fetus] Therefore, the senses and organs of the fetus are simultaneously manifested except the ones which are manifested only after birth such as teeth, secondary sexual characteristics like beard and breasts, signs of puberty like production of semen and ovum and alike traits are developed later. This is the normalcy and otherwise abnormal. In the fetus, there are certain characteristics, which are permanent whereas certain others are temporary. The permanent characteristics distinguish the male, female or hermaphrodite sex of the fetus. The characteristic features which determine its male or female sex depend on the self or the mahabhutas and determined as per the dominance of one or the other of these factors such as cowardice, timidity, lack of skills, confusion, wavering nature, heaviness in lower body, intolerance, flabbiness, softness, presence of uterus and ovum and other such characters determine the female sex, opposite characters determine the male sex and mixture of both denote the hermaphrodite.

english translation

evamasyendriyANyaGgAvayavAzca yaugapadyenAbhinirvartante'nyatra tebhyo bhAvebhyo ye'sya jAtasyottarakAlaM jAyante; tadyathA-dantA vyaJjanAni vyaktIbhAvastathAyuktAni cAparANi| eSA prakRtiH, vikRtiH punarato'nyathA| santi khalvasmin garbhe kecinnityA bhAvAH, santi cAnityAH kecit| tasya ya evAGgAvayavAH santiSThante, ta eva strIliGgaM puruSaliGgaM napuMsakaliGgaM vA bibhrati| tatra strIpuruSayorye vaizeSikA bhAvAH pradhAnasaMzrayA guNasaMzrayAzca, teSAM yato bhUyastvaM tato'nyatarabhAvaH| tadyathA- klaibyaM bhIrutvamavaizAradyaM moho'navasthAnamadhogurutvamasahanaM zaithilyaM mArdavaM garbhAzayabIjabhAgastathAyuktAnicAparANi strIkarANi, ato viparItAni puruSakarANi, ubhayabhAgAvayavA napuMsakakarANi bhavanti ||14||

hk transliteration

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15

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तस्य यत्कालमेवेन्द्रियाणि सन्तिष्ठन्ते, तत्कालमेव चेतसि वेदना निर्बन्धं प्राप्नोति; तस्मात्तदा प्रभृति गर्भः स्पन्दते, प्रार्थयतेच जन्मान्तरानुभूतं यत् किञ्चित्, तद्द्वैहृदय्यमाचक्षते वृद्धाः| मातृजं चास्य हृदयं मातृहृदयेनाभिसम्बद्धं भवति रसवाहिनीभिः संवाहिनीभिः; तस्मात्तयोस्ताभिर्भक्तिः संस्पन्दते | तच्चैव कारणमवेक्षमाणा न द्वैहृदय्यस्य विमानितं गर्भमिच्छन्ति कर्तुम्| विमानने ह्यस्य दृश्यते विनाशो विकृतिर्वा| समानयोगक्षेमा हि तदा भवति गर्भेण केषुचिदर्थेषु माता| तस्मात् प्रियहिताभ्यां गर्भिणीं विशेषेणोपचरन्ति कुशलाः ||१५||

sanskrit

When senses of the fetus get manifested, its mind gets associated with feelings and due to this the fetus starts shuddering and expresses the wishes based on the experiences of prior life of the individual. According to elder persons, this condition is known as dauhrida (bi-cardiac condition). The heart of the fetus formed from the maternal component is linked to the mother’s heart through the rasavahi (nutrient material carrying channels) and through these channels fetus expresses its wishes through the mother. Due to this view people, do not want to overlook the wishes of the fetus as reflected through the desires of the pregnant mother. If these wishes are overlooked, the fetus may either be damaged or get distorted. The appropriate protection and defense of the pregnant mother is as good as the protection and defense of the fetus itself. So, the intelligent individuals concentrate upon a pregnant mother with particular care to accomplish her beloved and beneficial requirements.

english translation

tasya yatkAlamevendriyANi santiSThante, tatkAlameva cetasi vedanA nirbandhaM prApnoti; tasmAttadA prabhRti garbhaH spandate, prArthayateca janmAntarAnubhUtaM yat kiJcit, taddvaihRdayyamAcakSate vRddhAH| mAtRjaM cAsya hRdayaM mAtRhRdayenAbhisambaddhaM bhavati rasavAhinIbhiH saMvAhinIbhiH; tasmAttayostAbhirbhaktiH saMspandate | taccaiva kAraNamavekSamANA na dvaihRdayyasya vimAnitaM garbhamicchanti kartum| vimAnane hyasya dRzyate vinAzo vikRtirvA| samAnayogakSemA hi tadA bhavati garbheNa keSucidartheSu mAtA| tasmAt priyahitAbhyAM garbhiNIM vizeSeNopacaranti kuzalAH ||15||

hk transliteration

Chapter 4

Verses 16-20