The Sharira-sthana, the fourth section of the Charaka Samhita—an essential Ayurvedic compendium traditionally ascribed to Charaka and redacting the older Agnivesha school (c. 1st century BCE–2nd century CE)—explores the human body’s origin, structure and life-cycle. It treats embryology and fetal development, heredity and body-constitution (prakriti), tissues (dhatus), growth, ageing and the genesis of disease through dosha dynamics. Key themes include the interplay of body, mind and environment, principles of prenatal care, and individualized constitution-based diagnosis. Rooted in classical observation, its insights on developmental origin of health, preventive care and personalized treatment remain strikingly relevant to modern obstetrics, preventive medicine and holistic health paradigms.