Sushruta Samhita

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अथात ऋतुचर्यमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||

sanskrit

अथ - Now अत - Therefore ऋतुचर्यमध्यायं - The chapter on seasonal regimen व्याख्यास्यामः - We will explain So, the verse translates to: "Now, we will explain the chapter on seasonal regimen."

english translation

athAta RtucaryamadhyAyaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH ||1||

hk transliteration

यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||

sanskrit

यथा - As उवाच - Spoke भगवान् - The divine one (referring to Dhanvantari) धन्वन्तरिः - Dhanvantari (a sage or deity in Ayurveda) So, the verse translates to: "As spoken by the divine Dhanvantari."

english translation

yathovAca bhagavAn dhanvantariH ||2||

hk transliteration

कालो हि नाम (भगवान् ) स्वयम्भुरनादिमध्यनिधनः | अत्र रसव्यापत्सम्पत्ती जीवितमरणे च मनुष्याणामायत्ते | स सूक्ष्मामपि कलां न लीयत इति कालः, सङ्कलयति कालयति वा भूतानीति कालः ||३||

sanskrit

"Time, indeed, is the eternal, self-existent, and unchanging entity. It governs the essence, pervasiveness, and attainment in the lives and deaths of humans. Time does not dissolve even the subtlest aspect; it collects and ages all beings."

english translation

kAlo hi nAma (bhagavAn ) svayambhuranAdimadhyanidhanaH | atra rasavyApatsampattI jIvitamaraNe ca manuSyANAmAyatte | sa sUkSmAmapi kalAM na lIyata iti kAlaH, saGkalayati kAlayati vA bhUtAnIti kAlaH ||3||

hk transliteration

तस्य संवत्सरात्मनो [१] भगवानादित्यो गतिविशेषेणाक्षिनिमेषकाष्ठाकलामुहूर्ताहोरात्रपक्षमासर्त्वयनसंवत्सरयुगप्रविभागं करोति ||४||

sanskrit

"The divine Sun, who embodies the essence of the year, delineates time into specific divisions such as moments, seconds, minutes, hours, days, fortnights, months, seasons, years, and yugas (ages)."

english translation

tasya saMvatsarAtmano [1] bhagavAnAdityo gativizeSeNAkSinimeSakASThAkalAmuhUrtAhorAtrapakSamAsartvayanasaMvatsarayugapravibhAgaM karoti ||4||

hk transliteration

तत्र लघ्वक्षरोच्चारणमात्रोऽक्षिनिमेषः, पञ्चदशाऽक्षिनिमेषाः काष्ठा, त्रिंशत्काष्ठाः कला, विंशतिकलो मुहूर्तः कलादशभागश्च, त्रिंशन्मुहूर्तमहोरात्रं, पञ्चदशाहोरात्राणि पक्षः, स च द्विविधः- शुक्लः कृष्णश्च, तौ मासः ||५||

sanskrit

"In this system of time division: One 'Laghva' (the smallest unit) is the pronunciation of a single syllable or a unit of time (such as a blink of an eye). Fifteen 'Laghvas' make one 'Kashtha' (a unit of time). Thirty 'Kashthas' make one 'Kala' (another time unit). Twenty 'Kalas' make one 'Muhūrta' (a division of the day). A 'Muhūrta' is further divided into ten 'Kalās'. Thirty 'Muhūrtas' constitute one 'Ahorātra' (a full day and night). Fifteen 'Ahorātras' make one 'Pakṣa' (a fortnight or lunar month), which is divided into two parts: the 'Shukla Pakṣa' (waxing moon) and the 'Krishna Pakṣa' (waning moon). Two 'Pakṣas' make one 'Māsa' (a month).

english translation

tatra laghvakSaroccAraNamAtro'kSinimeSaH, paJcadazA'kSinimeSAH kASThA, triMzatkASThAH kalA, viMzatikalo muhUrtaH kalAdazabhAgazca, triMzanmuhUrtamahorAtraM, paJcadazAhorAtrANi pakSaH, sa ca dvividhaH- zuklaH kRSNazca, tau mAsaH ||5||

hk transliteration