Sushruta Samhita

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/2/1

अथातः शिष्योपनयनीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||

sanskrit

Now we shall discuss the Chapter which deals with the rites of formal initiation of a pupil into the science of Medicine (Shishyopanayaniya-adhyaya).

english translation

athAtaH ziSyopanayanIyamadhyAyaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH ||1||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/2/2

यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||

sanskrit

"As was spoken by the revered Dhanvantari."

english translation

yathovAca bhagavAn dhanvantariH ||2||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/2/3

ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियवैश्यानामन्यतममन्वयवयःशीलशौर्यशौचाचारविनयशक्तिबलमेधाधृतिस्मृतिमतिप्रतिपत्तियुक्तं तनुजिह्वौष्ठदन्ताग्रमृजुवक्त्राक्षिनासं प्रसन्नचित्तवाक्चेष्टं क्लेशसहं च भिषक् शिष्यमुपनयेत् | अतो विपरीतगुणं नोपनयेत् ||३||

sanskrit

Such an initiation should be imparted to a student, belonging to one of the three twice-born castes such as, the Brahmana, the Kshatriya, and the Vaishya, and who should be of tender years, born of a good family, possessed of, a desire to learn, strength, energy of action, contentment, character, self-control, a good retentive memory, intellect, courage, purity of mind and body, and a simple and clear comprehension, command a clear insight into the things studied, and should be found to have been further graced with the necessary qualifications of thin lips, thin teeth and thin tongue, and possessed of a straight nose, large, honest, intelligent eyes, with a benign contour of the mouth, and a contented frame of mind, being pleasant in his speech and dealings, and usually painstaking in his efforts. A man possessed of contrary attributes should not be admitted into the sacred precincts of) medicine.

english translation

brAhmaNakSatriyavaizyAnAmanyatamamanvayavayaHzIlazauryazaucAcAravinayazaktibalamedhAdhRtismRtimatipratipattiyuktaM tanujihvauSThadantAgramRjuvaktrAkSinAsaM prasannacittavAkceSTaM klezasahaM ca bhiSak ziSyamupanayet | ato viparItaguNaM nopanayet ||3||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/2/4

उपनयनीयं तु ब्राह्मणं [१] प्रशस्तेषु तिथिकरणमुहूर्तनक्षत्रेषु प्रशस्तायां दिशि शुचौ समे देशे चतुर्हस्तं चतुरस्रं स्थण्डिलमुपलिप्य गोमयेन, दर्भैः संस्तीर्य रत्नपुष्पलाजभक्तैर्देवताः [२] पूजयित्वा विप्रान् भिषजश्च, तत्रोल्लिख्याभ्युक्ष्य च दक्षिणतो ब्रह्माणं स्थापयित्वाऽग्निमुपसमाधाय, खदिरपलाशदेवदारुबिल्वानां समिद्भिश्चतुर्णां वा क्षीरिवृक्षाणां (न्यग्रोधोदुम्बराश्वत्थमधूकानां) दधिमधुघृताक्ताभिर्दार्वीहौमिकेन विधिना सप्रणवाभिर्महाव्याहृतिभिः स्रुवेणाज्याहुतीर्जुहुयात्, ततः प्रतिदैवतमृषींश्च स्वाहाकारं कुर्यात्, शिष्यमपि कारयेत् ||४||

sanskrit

A Brahmana preceptor should initiate a disciple or student in the following way—A square sand cushion or platform, measuring a cubit in length and breadth, should be laid out on a plot of smooth, level and sacred ground under the benign influence of any auspicious phase of the moon or astral combination such as, the “Karana,” etc. and in a direction of the compass which is held most auspicious to that end. The cushion or the platform should be plastered over with a solution of water and cow-dung; and blades of Kusha grass should be strewn over it. Then the gods, the Brahmanas and the physicians should be worshipped with oblations of flowers, fried paddy, gems and sun-dried rice. Then having drawn straight lines across the Sthandilam so as to meet the top of the furthest side of the square, and having sprinkled them over with holy water, the preceptor should lay down a blade of Kusha grass tied up in the form of a knot, known as the Brahmana, along the side of the sacred cushion to his right, and kindle the sacred fire close to his seat. Then having soaked the twigs of the four sacrificial trees of Khadira, Palasha, Devadaru and Vilva, or of Vata, Oudumvara, Ashvattha and Madhuka in curd, honey and clarified butter, he should perform the rite of Homa according to the rules of a Darvi Homa ceremony. Then libations of clarified butter should be cast into the sacrificial fire with a repetition of the Maha Vyahriti Mantras preceded by the mystic Omkara. After that, libations of clarified butter should be cast into the fire in honour of each of the gods and Rishis (celestial physicians) invoked by repeating the Svaha Mantra, and the disciple should be made to do the same.

english translation

upanayanIyaM tu brAhmaNaM [1] prazasteSu tithikaraNamuhUrtanakSatreSu prazastAyAM dizi zucau same deze caturhastaM caturasraM sthaNDilamupalipya gomayena, darbhaiH saMstIrya ratnapuSpalAjabhaktairdevatAH [2] pUjayitvA viprAn bhiSajazca, tatrollikhyAbhyukSya ca dakSiNato brahmANaM sthApayitvA'gnimupasamAdhAya, khadirapalAzadevadArubilvAnAM samidbhizcaturNAM vA kSIrivRkSANAM (nyagrodhodumbarAzvatthamadhUkAnAM) dadhimadhughRtAktAbhirdArvIhaumikena vidhinA sapraNavAbhirmahAvyAhRtibhiH sruveNAjyAhutIrjuhuyAt, tataH pratidaivatamRSIMzca svAhAkAraM kuryAt, ziSyamapi kArayet ||4||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/2/5

ब्राह्मणस्त्रयाणां वर्णानामुपनयनं कर्तुमर्हति, (राजन्यो द्वयस्य, वैश्यो वैश्यस्यैवेति;) शूद्रमपि कुलगुणसम्पन्नं मन्त्रवर्जमनुपनीतमध्यापयेदित्येके ||५||

sanskrit

A Brahmana preceptor is competent to initiate a student belonging to any of the three twice-born castes. A Kshatriya preceptor can initiate a student of the Kshatriya or the Vaishya caste, while a Vaishya preceptor can initiate a student of his own caste alone. A Shudra student of good character and parentage may be initiated into the mysteries of the Ayurveda by omitting the Mantras enjoined to be recited on such an occasion.

english translation

brAhmaNastrayANAM varNAnAmupanayanaM kartumarhati, (rAjanyo dvayasya, vaizyo vaizyasyaiveti;) zUdramapi kulaguNasampannaM mantravarjamanupanItamadhyApayedityeke ||5||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/2/1

अथातः शिष्योपनयनीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||

sanskrit

Now we shall discuss the Chapter which deals with the rites of formal initiation of a pupil into the science of Medicine (Shishyopanayaniya-adhyaya).

english translation

athAtaH ziSyopanayanIyamadhyAyaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH ||1||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/2/2

यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||

sanskrit

"As was spoken by the revered Dhanvantari."

english translation

yathovAca bhagavAn dhanvantariH ||2||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/2/3

ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियवैश्यानामन्यतममन्वयवयःशीलशौर्यशौचाचारविनयशक्तिबलमेधाधृतिस्मृतिमतिप्रतिपत्तियुक्तं तनुजिह्वौष्ठदन्ताग्रमृजुवक्त्राक्षिनासं प्रसन्नचित्तवाक्चेष्टं क्लेशसहं च भिषक् शिष्यमुपनयेत् | अतो विपरीतगुणं नोपनयेत् ||३||

sanskrit

Such an initiation should be imparted to a student, belonging to one of the three twice-born castes such as, the Brahmana, the Kshatriya, and the Vaishya, and who should be of tender years, born of a good family, possessed of, a desire to learn, strength, energy of action, contentment, character, self-control, a good retentive memory, intellect, courage, purity of mind and body, and a simple and clear comprehension, command a clear insight into the things studied, and should be found to have been further graced with the necessary qualifications of thin lips, thin teeth and thin tongue, and possessed of a straight nose, large, honest, intelligent eyes, with a benign contour of the mouth, and a contented frame of mind, being pleasant in his speech and dealings, and usually painstaking in his efforts. A man possessed of contrary attributes should not be admitted into the sacred precincts of) medicine.

english translation

brAhmaNakSatriyavaizyAnAmanyatamamanvayavayaHzIlazauryazaucAcAravinayazaktibalamedhAdhRtismRtimatipratipattiyuktaM tanujihvauSThadantAgramRjuvaktrAkSinAsaM prasannacittavAkceSTaM klezasahaM ca bhiSak ziSyamupanayet | ato viparItaguNaM nopanayet ||3||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/2/4

उपनयनीयं तु ब्राह्मणं [१] प्रशस्तेषु तिथिकरणमुहूर्तनक्षत्रेषु प्रशस्तायां दिशि शुचौ समे देशे चतुर्हस्तं चतुरस्रं स्थण्डिलमुपलिप्य गोमयेन, दर्भैः संस्तीर्य रत्नपुष्पलाजभक्तैर्देवताः [२] पूजयित्वा विप्रान् भिषजश्च, तत्रोल्लिख्याभ्युक्ष्य च दक्षिणतो ब्रह्माणं स्थापयित्वाऽग्निमुपसमाधाय, खदिरपलाशदेवदारुबिल्वानां समिद्भिश्चतुर्णां वा क्षीरिवृक्षाणां (न्यग्रोधोदुम्बराश्वत्थमधूकानां) दधिमधुघृताक्ताभिर्दार्वीहौमिकेन विधिना सप्रणवाभिर्महाव्याहृतिभिः स्रुवेणाज्याहुतीर्जुहुयात्, ततः प्रतिदैवतमृषींश्च स्वाहाकारं कुर्यात्, शिष्यमपि कारयेत् ||४||

sanskrit

A Brahmana preceptor should initiate a disciple or student in the following way—A square sand cushion or platform, measuring a cubit in length and breadth, should be laid out on a plot of smooth, level and sacred ground under the benign influence of any auspicious phase of the moon or astral combination such as, the “Karana,” etc. and in a direction of the compass which is held most auspicious to that end. The cushion or the platform should be plastered over with a solution of water and cow-dung; and blades of Kusha grass should be strewn over it. Then the gods, the Brahmanas and the physicians should be worshipped with oblations of flowers, fried paddy, gems and sun-dried rice. Then having drawn straight lines across the Sthandilam so as to meet the top of the furthest side of the square, and having sprinkled them over with holy water, the preceptor should lay down a blade of Kusha grass tied up in the form of a knot, known as the Brahmana, along the side of the sacred cushion to his right, and kindle the sacred fire close to his seat. Then having soaked the twigs of the four sacrificial trees of Khadira, Palasha, Devadaru and Vilva, or of Vata, Oudumvara, Ashvattha and Madhuka in curd, honey and clarified butter, he should perform the rite of Homa according to the rules of a Darvi Homa ceremony. Then libations of clarified butter should be cast into the sacrificial fire with a repetition of the Maha Vyahriti Mantras preceded by the mystic Omkara. After that, libations of clarified butter should be cast into the fire in honour of each of the gods and Rishis (celestial physicians) invoked by repeating the Svaha Mantra, and the disciple should be made to do the same.

english translation

upanayanIyaM tu brAhmaNaM [1] prazasteSu tithikaraNamuhUrtanakSatreSu prazastAyAM dizi zucau same deze caturhastaM caturasraM sthaNDilamupalipya gomayena, darbhaiH saMstIrya ratnapuSpalAjabhaktairdevatAH [2] pUjayitvA viprAn bhiSajazca, tatrollikhyAbhyukSya ca dakSiNato brahmANaM sthApayitvA'gnimupasamAdhAya, khadirapalAzadevadArubilvAnAM samidbhizcaturNAM vA kSIrivRkSANAM (nyagrodhodumbarAzvatthamadhUkAnAM) dadhimadhughRtAktAbhirdArvIhaumikena vidhinA sapraNavAbhirmahAvyAhRtibhiH sruveNAjyAhutIrjuhuyAt, tataH pratidaivatamRSIMzca svAhAkAraM kuryAt, ziSyamapi kArayet ||4||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/2/5

ब्राह्मणस्त्रयाणां वर्णानामुपनयनं कर्तुमर्हति, (राजन्यो द्वयस्य, वैश्यो वैश्यस्यैवेति;) शूद्रमपि कुलगुणसम्पन्नं मन्त्रवर्जमनुपनीतमध्यापयेदित्येके ||५||

sanskrit

A Brahmana preceptor is competent to initiate a student belonging to any of the three twice-born castes. A Kshatriya preceptor can initiate a student of the Kshatriya or the Vaishya caste, while a Vaishya preceptor can initiate a student of his own caste alone. A Shudra student of good character and parentage may be initiated into the mysteries of the Ayurveda by omitting the Mantras enjoined to be recited on such an occasion.

english translation

brAhmaNastrayANAM varNAnAmupanayanaM kartumarhati, (rAjanyo dvayasya, vaizyo vaizyasyaiveti;) zUdramapi kulaguNasampannaM mantravarjamanupanItamadhyApayedityeke ||5||

hk transliteration