Sushruta Samhita

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/11/11

अथेतरस्त्रिविधो मृदुर्मध्यस्तीक्ष्णश्च | तं चिकीर्षुः शरदि गिरिसानुजं शुचिरुपोष्य प्रशस्तेऽहनि प्रशस्तदेशजातमनुपहतं मध्यमवयसं महान्तमसितमुष्ककमधिवास्यापरेद्युः पाटयित्वा खण्डशः प्रकल्प्यावपाट्य निवाते देशे निचितिं कृत्वा सुधाशर्कराश्च प्रक्षिप्य तिलनालैरादीपयेत् | अथोपशान्तेऽग्नौ तद्भस्म पृथग्गृह्णीयाद्भस्मशर्कराश्च | अथानेनैव विधानेन कुटजपलाशाश्वकर्णपारिभद्रकबिभीतकारग्वधतिल्वकार्कस्नुह्यपामार्गपाटलानक्तमालवृषकदली- चित्रकपूतीकेन्द्रवृक्षास्फोताश्वमारकसप्तच्छदाग्निमन्थगुञ्जाश्चतस्रश्च कोशातकीः समूलफलपत्रशाखा दहेत् | ततः क्षारद्रोणमुदकद्रोणैः षड्भिरालोड्य मूत्रैर्वा यथोक्तैरेकविंशतिकृत्वः परिस्राव्य, महति कटाहे शनैर्दर्व्याऽवघट्टयन् विपचेत् | स यदा भवत्यच्छो रक्तस्तीक्ष्णः पिच्छिलश्च तमादाय महति वस्त्रे परिस्राव्येतरं विभज्य पुनरग्नावधिश्रयेत् | तत एव क्षारोदकात् कुडवमध्यर्धं वाऽपनयेत् | ततः कटशर्कराभस्मशर्कराक्षीरपाकशङ्खनाभीरग्निवर्णाः कृत्वाऽऽयसे पात्रे तस्मिन्नेव क्षारोदके निषिच्य पिष्ट्वा तेनैव द्विद्रोणेऽष्टपलसम्मितं शङ्खनाभ्यादीनां प्रमाणं प्रतिवाप्य , सततमप्रमत्तश्चैनमवघट्टयन् विपचेत् | स यथा नातिसान्द्रो नातिद्रवश्च भवति तथा प्रयतेत | अथैनमागतपाकमवतार्यानुगुप्तमायसे कुम्भे संवृतमुखे निदध्यादेष मध्यमः ||११||

sanskrit

This verse describes the preparation of a medium-strength alkali (madhyama kshara) in three stages: mild (mṛdu), medium (madhyama), and strong (tīkṣṇa). The process begins by selecting a plant called Girisaanuja during the autumn season. The plant should be grown in a clean environment, large in size, free from damage, and at its prime. After fasting and observing purity on an auspicious day, the plant is prepared by splitting it into pieces and burning it in a well-ventilated area. Once the fire dies down, the ashes are collected and separated from the lime (sudhā) and sugar (śarkarā). Following this, a variety of other plants (like Kutuja, Palāsha, Ashvakarna, etc.) are similarly burned, and their ashes are mixed with the ashes from the first plant. This mixture is then soaked in water or cow urine, stirred 21 times, and boiled in a large container. As the liquid thickens, the impurities are removed, and the solution is filtered. The final product is collected after further boiling and straining and stored in an iron vessel for use as a medium-strength alkali, which is not too thick nor too watery. This preparation is detailed and requires close attention to ensure the right consistency and potency of the kshara for use in medical treatments.

english translation

athetarastrividho mRdurmadhyastIkSNazca | taM cikIrSuH zaradi girisAnujaM zucirupoSya prazaste'hani prazastadezajAtamanupahataM madhyamavayasaM mahAntamasitamuSkakamadhivAsyAparedyuH pATayitvA khaNDazaH prakalpyAvapATya nivAte deze nicitiM kRtvA sudhAzarkarAzca prakSipya tilanAlairAdIpayet | athopazAnte'gnau tadbhasma pRthaggRhNIyAdbhasmazarkarAzca | athAnenaiva vidhAnena kuTajapalAzAzvakarNapAribhadrakabibhItakAragvadhatilvakArkasnuhyapAmArgapATalAnaktamAlavRSakadalI- citrakapUtIkendravRkSAsphotAzvamArakasaptacchadAgnimanthaguJjAzcatasrazca kozAtakIH samUlaphalapatrazAkhA dahet | tataH kSAradroNamudakadroNaiH SaDbhirAloDya mUtrairvA yathoktairekaviMzatikRtvaH parisrAvya, mahati kaTAhe zanairdarvyA'vaghaTTayan vipacet | sa yadA bhavatyaccho raktastIkSNaH picchilazca tamAdAya mahati vastre parisrAvyetaraM vibhajya punaragnAvadhizrayet | tata eva kSArodakAt kuDavamadhyardhaM vA'panayet | tataH kaTazarkarAbhasmazarkarAkSIrapAkazaGkhanAbhIragnivarNAH kRtvA''yase pAtre tasminneva kSArodake niSicya piSTvA tenaiva dvidroNe'STapalasammitaM zaGkhanAbhyAdInAM pramANaM prativApya , satatamapramattazcainamavaghaTTayan vipacet | sa yathA nAtisAndro nAtidravazca bhavati tathA prayateta | athainamAgatapAkamavatAryAnuguptamAyase kumbhe saMvRtamukhe nidadhyAdeSa madhyamaH ||11||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/11/12

एष चैवाप्रतीवापः पक्वः संव्यूहिमो मृदुः ||१२||

sanskrit

The verse describes the final product of the preparation process of the medium-strength alkali (kṣāra), which is characterized by the following properties: एष: This (referring to the kṣāra). च एव अप्रतीवापः: It does not have any unintentional side effects (apratīvāpaḥ means "without adverse reactions"). पक्वः: It is well-cooked or fully prepared. संव्यूहिमः: It is stable and properly formulated. मृदुः: It is mild, indicating that the medium-strength alkali is gentle in its application. In summary, this verse explains that the final product of the alkali is well-prepared, mild, and free from harmful side effects when used correctly.

english translation

eSa caivApratIvApaH pakvaH saMvyUhimo mRduH ||12||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/11/13

प्रतीवापे यथालाभं दन्तीद्रवन्तीचित्रकलाङ्गलीपूतिकप्रवालतालपत्रीविडसुवर्चिकाकनकक्षीरीहिङ्गुवचातिविषाः समाः श्लक्ष्णचूर्णाः शुक्तिप्रमाणाः प्रतीवापः | स एव सप्रतीवापः पक्वः पाक्यस्तीक्ष्णः ||१३||

sanskrit

This verse provides instructions on how to prepare the alkali (kṣāra) with counteragents (pratīvāpa) to mitigate its side effects, along with additional preparation steps: प्रतीवापे यथालाभं: In the preparation of pratīvāpa (counteragents) as available. दन्ती, द्रवन्ती, चित्रक, लाङ्गली, पूतिक, प्रवाल, तालपत्री, विडसुवर्चिका, कनक, क्षीरी, हिङ्गु, वचा, अतिविषा: These are the medicinal herbs and substances used in equal quantities for the pratīvāpa. समाः श्लक्ष्णचूर्णाः: These ingredients should be ground into fine powders in equal amounts. शुक्तिप्रमाणाः प्रतीवापः: The prepared mixture of fine powders is measured according to the quantity required and is referred to as pratīvāpa. स एव सप्रतीवापः पक्वः: This mixture, along with the previously prepared alkali, is cooked (well-prepared). पाक्यः तीक्ष्णः: The resulting alkali becomes potent and intense (stronger due to the preparation with pratīvāpa). In essence, this verse describes how to add specific counteracting agents to the alkali preparation to enhance its potency and minimize unwanted effects.

english translation

pratIvApe yathAlAbhaM dantIdravantIcitrakalAGgalIpUtikapravAlatAlapatrIviDasuvarcikAkanakakSIrIhiGguvacAtiviSAH samAH zlakSNacUrNAH zuktipramANAH pratIvApaH | sa eva sapratIvApaH pakvaH pAkyastIkSNaH ||13||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/11/14

तेषां यथाव्याधिबलमुपयोगः ||१४||

sanskrit

The application or use of these alkalis is determined by the strength or intensity of the disease.

english translation

teSAM yathAvyAdhibalamupayogaH ||14||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/11/15

क्षीणबले तु क्षारोदकमावपेद्बलकरणार्थम् ||१५||

sanskrit

This implies that for weaker patients, a milder form of treatment like alkaline water is recommended to help rejuvenate and strengthen them.

english translation

kSINabale tu kSArodakamAvapedbalakaraNArtham ||15||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/11/11

अथेतरस्त्रिविधो मृदुर्मध्यस्तीक्ष्णश्च | तं चिकीर्षुः शरदि गिरिसानुजं शुचिरुपोष्य प्रशस्तेऽहनि प्रशस्तदेशजातमनुपहतं मध्यमवयसं महान्तमसितमुष्ककमधिवास्यापरेद्युः पाटयित्वा खण्डशः प्रकल्प्यावपाट्य निवाते देशे निचितिं कृत्वा सुधाशर्कराश्च प्रक्षिप्य तिलनालैरादीपयेत् | अथोपशान्तेऽग्नौ तद्भस्म पृथग्गृह्णीयाद्भस्मशर्कराश्च | अथानेनैव विधानेन कुटजपलाशाश्वकर्णपारिभद्रकबिभीतकारग्वधतिल्वकार्कस्नुह्यपामार्गपाटलानक्तमालवृषकदली- चित्रकपूतीकेन्द्रवृक्षास्फोताश्वमारकसप्तच्छदाग्निमन्थगुञ्जाश्चतस्रश्च कोशातकीः समूलफलपत्रशाखा दहेत् | ततः क्षारद्रोणमुदकद्रोणैः षड्भिरालोड्य मूत्रैर्वा यथोक्तैरेकविंशतिकृत्वः परिस्राव्य, महति कटाहे शनैर्दर्व्याऽवघट्टयन् विपचेत् | स यदा भवत्यच्छो रक्तस्तीक्ष्णः पिच्छिलश्च तमादाय महति वस्त्रे परिस्राव्येतरं विभज्य पुनरग्नावधिश्रयेत् | तत एव क्षारोदकात् कुडवमध्यर्धं वाऽपनयेत् | ततः कटशर्कराभस्मशर्कराक्षीरपाकशङ्खनाभीरग्निवर्णाः कृत्वाऽऽयसे पात्रे तस्मिन्नेव क्षारोदके निषिच्य पिष्ट्वा तेनैव द्विद्रोणेऽष्टपलसम्मितं शङ्खनाभ्यादीनां प्रमाणं प्रतिवाप्य , सततमप्रमत्तश्चैनमवघट्टयन् विपचेत् | स यथा नातिसान्द्रो नातिद्रवश्च भवति तथा प्रयतेत | अथैनमागतपाकमवतार्यानुगुप्तमायसे कुम्भे संवृतमुखे निदध्यादेष मध्यमः ||११||

sanskrit

This verse describes the preparation of a medium-strength alkali (madhyama kshara) in three stages: mild (mṛdu), medium (madhyama), and strong (tīkṣṇa). The process begins by selecting a plant called Girisaanuja during the autumn season. The plant should be grown in a clean environment, large in size, free from damage, and at its prime. After fasting and observing purity on an auspicious day, the plant is prepared by splitting it into pieces and burning it in a well-ventilated area. Once the fire dies down, the ashes are collected and separated from the lime (sudhā) and sugar (śarkarā). Following this, a variety of other plants (like Kutuja, Palāsha, Ashvakarna, etc.) are similarly burned, and their ashes are mixed with the ashes from the first plant. This mixture is then soaked in water or cow urine, stirred 21 times, and boiled in a large container. As the liquid thickens, the impurities are removed, and the solution is filtered. The final product is collected after further boiling and straining and stored in an iron vessel for use as a medium-strength alkali, which is not too thick nor too watery. This preparation is detailed and requires close attention to ensure the right consistency and potency of the kshara for use in medical treatments.

english translation

athetarastrividho mRdurmadhyastIkSNazca | taM cikIrSuH zaradi girisAnujaM zucirupoSya prazaste'hani prazastadezajAtamanupahataM madhyamavayasaM mahAntamasitamuSkakamadhivAsyAparedyuH pATayitvA khaNDazaH prakalpyAvapATya nivAte deze nicitiM kRtvA sudhAzarkarAzca prakSipya tilanAlairAdIpayet | athopazAnte'gnau tadbhasma pRthaggRhNIyAdbhasmazarkarAzca | athAnenaiva vidhAnena kuTajapalAzAzvakarNapAribhadrakabibhItakAragvadhatilvakArkasnuhyapAmArgapATalAnaktamAlavRSakadalI- citrakapUtIkendravRkSAsphotAzvamArakasaptacchadAgnimanthaguJjAzcatasrazca kozAtakIH samUlaphalapatrazAkhA dahet | tataH kSAradroNamudakadroNaiH SaDbhirAloDya mUtrairvA yathoktairekaviMzatikRtvaH parisrAvya, mahati kaTAhe zanairdarvyA'vaghaTTayan vipacet | sa yadA bhavatyaccho raktastIkSNaH picchilazca tamAdAya mahati vastre parisrAvyetaraM vibhajya punaragnAvadhizrayet | tata eva kSArodakAt kuDavamadhyardhaM vA'panayet | tataH kaTazarkarAbhasmazarkarAkSIrapAkazaGkhanAbhIragnivarNAH kRtvA''yase pAtre tasminneva kSArodake niSicya piSTvA tenaiva dvidroNe'STapalasammitaM zaGkhanAbhyAdInAM pramANaM prativApya , satatamapramattazcainamavaghaTTayan vipacet | sa yathA nAtisAndro nAtidravazca bhavati tathA prayateta | athainamAgatapAkamavatAryAnuguptamAyase kumbhe saMvRtamukhe nidadhyAdeSa madhyamaH ||11||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/11/12

एष चैवाप्रतीवापः पक्वः संव्यूहिमो मृदुः ||१२||

sanskrit

The verse describes the final product of the preparation process of the medium-strength alkali (kṣāra), which is characterized by the following properties: एष: This (referring to the kṣāra). च एव अप्रतीवापः: It does not have any unintentional side effects (apratīvāpaḥ means "without adverse reactions"). पक्वः: It is well-cooked or fully prepared. संव्यूहिमः: It is stable and properly formulated. मृदुः: It is mild, indicating that the medium-strength alkali is gentle in its application. In summary, this verse explains that the final product of the alkali is well-prepared, mild, and free from harmful side effects when used correctly.

english translation

eSa caivApratIvApaH pakvaH saMvyUhimo mRduH ||12||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/11/13

प्रतीवापे यथालाभं दन्तीद्रवन्तीचित्रकलाङ्गलीपूतिकप्रवालतालपत्रीविडसुवर्चिकाकनकक्षीरीहिङ्गुवचातिविषाः समाः श्लक्ष्णचूर्णाः शुक्तिप्रमाणाः प्रतीवापः | स एव सप्रतीवापः पक्वः पाक्यस्तीक्ष्णः ||१३||

sanskrit

This verse provides instructions on how to prepare the alkali (kṣāra) with counteragents (pratīvāpa) to mitigate its side effects, along with additional preparation steps: प्रतीवापे यथालाभं: In the preparation of pratīvāpa (counteragents) as available. दन्ती, द्रवन्ती, चित्रक, लाङ्गली, पूतिक, प्रवाल, तालपत्री, विडसुवर्चिका, कनक, क्षीरी, हिङ्गु, वचा, अतिविषा: These are the medicinal herbs and substances used in equal quantities for the pratīvāpa. समाः श्लक्ष्णचूर्णाः: These ingredients should be ground into fine powders in equal amounts. शुक्तिप्रमाणाः प्रतीवापः: The prepared mixture of fine powders is measured according to the quantity required and is referred to as pratīvāpa. स एव सप्रतीवापः पक्वः: This mixture, along with the previously prepared alkali, is cooked (well-prepared). पाक्यः तीक्ष्णः: The resulting alkali becomes potent and intense (stronger due to the preparation with pratīvāpa). In essence, this verse describes how to add specific counteracting agents to the alkali preparation to enhance its potency and minimize unwanted effects.

english translation

pratIvApe yathAlAbhaM dantIdravantIcitrakalAGgalIpUtikapravAlatAlapatrIviDasuvarcikAkanakakSIrIhiGguvacAtiviSAH samAH zlakSNacUrNAH zuktipramANAH pratIvApaH | sa eva sapratIvApaH pakvaH pAkyastIkSNaH ||13||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/11/14

तेषां यथाव्याधिबलमुपयोगः ||१४||

sanskrit

The application or use of these alkalis is determined by the strength or intensity of the disease.

english translation

teSAM yathAvyAdhibalamupayogaH ||14||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/sushruta-samhita/sutra-sthana/11/15

क्षीणबले तु क्षारोदकमावपेद्बलकरणार्थम् ||१५||

sanskrit

This implies that for weaker patients, a milder form of treatment like alkaline water is recommended to help rejuvenate and strengthen them.

english translation

kSINabale tu kSArodakamAvapedbalakaraNArtham ||15||

hk transliteration