Sushruta Samhita

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तस्य लक्षणं द्विविधं- सामान्यं, वैशेषिकं च | तत्र सामान्यं रुक् | ‘व्रण’ गात्रविचूर्णने, व्रणयतीति व्रणः | विशेषलक्षणं पुनर्वातादिलिङ्गविशेषः ||६||

sanskrit

"Its symptoms are of two types — general and specific. Among them, the general symptom is pain (Ruk). The word 'Vrana' (ulcer) is derived from the root meaning 'to crush or injure the body.' The specific symptoms, on the other hand, are the distinctive signs of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha doshas."

english translation

hindi translation

tasya lakSaNaM dvividhaM- sAmAnyaM, vaizeSikaM ca | tatra sAmAnyaM ruk | ‘vraNa’ gAtravicUrNane, vraNayatIti vraNaH | vizeSalakSaNaM punarvAtAdiliGgavizeSaH ||6||

hk transliteration

तत्र श्यावारुणाभस्तनुः शीतः पिच्छिलोऽल्पस्रावी रूक्षश्चटचटायनशीलः स्फुरणायामतोदभेदवेदनाबहुलो निर्मांसश्चेति वातात्, क्षिप्रजः पीतनीलाभः किंशुकोदकाभोष्णस्रावी दाहपाकरागविकारकारी पीतपिडकाजुष्टश्चेति पित्तात्, प्रततचण्डकण्डूबहुलः स्थूलौष्ठः स्तब्धसिरास्नायुजालावततः कठिनः पाण्ड्ववभासो मन्दवेदनः शुक्लशीतसान्द्रपिच्छिलास्रावी गुरुश्चेति कफात्, प्रवालदलनिचयप्रकाशः कृष्णस्फोटपिडकाजालोपचितस्तुरङ्गस्थानगन्धिः सवेदनो धूमायनशीलो रक्तस्रावी पित्तलिङ्गश्चेति रक्तात्, तोददाहधूमायनप्रायः पीतारुणाभस्तद्वर्णस्रावी चेति वातपित्ताभ्यां, कण्डूयनशीलः सनिस्तोदो रूक्षो गुरुर्दारुणो मुहुर्मुहुः शीतपिच्छिलाल्पस्रावी चेति वातश्लेष्मभ्यां, गुरुः सदाह उष्णः पीतपाण्डुस्रावी चेति पित्तश्लेष्मभ्यां, रूक्षस्तनुस्तोदबहुलः सुप्त इव च रक्तारुणाभस्तद्वर्णास्रावी चेति वातशोणिताभ्यां, घृतमण्डाभो मीनधावनतोयगन्धिर्मृदुर्विसर्प्युष्णकृष्णस्रावी चेति पित्तशोणिताभ्यां, रक्तो गुरुः स्निग्धः पिच्छिलः कण्डूप्रायः स्थिरो सरक्तपाण्डुस्रावी चेति श्लेष्मशोणिताभ्यां, स्फुरणतोददाहधूमायनप्रायः पीततनुरक्तस्रावी चेति वातपित्तशोणितेभ्यः, कण्डूस्फुरणचुमचुमायमानप्रायः पाण्डुघनरक्तास्रावी चेति वातश्लेष्मशोणितेभ्यः, दाहपाकरागकण्डूप्रायः पाण्डुघनरक्तास्रावी चेति पित्तश्लेष्मशोणितेभ्यः, त्रिविधवर्णवेदनास्रावविशेषोपेतः पवनपित्तकफेभ्यः, निर्दहननिर्मथनस्फुरणतोददाहपाकरागकण्डूस्वापबहुलो नानावर्णवेदनास्रावविशेषोपेतः पवनपित्तकफशोणितेभ्यः, जिह्वातलाभो मृदुः स्निग्धः श्लक्ष्णो विगतवेदनः सुव्यवस्थितो निरास्रावश्चेति शुद्धो व्रण इति ||७||

sanskrit

"Among them, the ulcer caused by Vata (air element) is characterized by a dark-red or bluish color, thin and cold secretion, sticky and scanty discharge, rough, producing cracking sounds, marked by excessive twitching, pricking, throbbing pain, and lacking flesh. An ulcer caused by Pitta (fire element) is quick to develop, yellowish or bluish in hue, with a heat-like secretion resembling the color of Kusumbha flower water. It is warm to the touch, accompanied by burning, inflammation, redness, and ulcerative lesions with yellow pustules. An ulcer caused by Kapha (water element) is noted for its intense itching, thick lips, stiff veins and tendons, a hard consistency, pale appearance, dull pain, cold, dense, and sticky secretion, and is heavy in nature. An ulcer caused by vitiated blood is reddish like a cluster of coral, with black pustules and spots, accompanied by intense pain, a foul odor, sweat, and continuous bloody discharge, resembling Pitta symptoms. In a case of ulcers caused by Vata and Pitta together, the characteristics include pricking pain, burning, and smoky appearance, with a yellow or reddish hue and discharges of those colors. In ulcers due to Vata and Kapha, itching is predominant, with mild pricking, dryness, heaviness, and a rough appearance. It secretes a cold, sticky, and scanty discharge. Ulcers caused by Pitta and Kapha are heavy, burning, warm, and secrete a yellow and pale-colored discharge. Ulcers due to Vata and blood exhibit sharp pricking pain, thin secretions of reddish and yellowish hues, with the discharge matching these colors. Ulcers due to Pitta and blood have an appearance similar to ghee scum and a fishy odor, are soft, spreading, warm, and discharge blackish secretions. Ulcers caused by Kapha and blood are heavy, greasy, sticky, and characterized by persistent itching, firm in texture, and secrete a mixed red and pale-colored discharge. In ulcers caused by a combination of Vata, Pitta, and blood, symptoms include throbbing, pricking, burning, with reddish, yellowish, and thin discharges. In cases of Kapha and blood, the ulcer is marked by itching, throbbing, and moderate pain, with secretions of pale-red or thick, red discharge. Lastly, ulcers caused by all three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) along with blood are characterized by various colors, intense pain, and diverse secretions. A purified ulcer, free from all doshic vitiations, appears smooth, soft, well-aligned, without pain, devoid of discharge, and heals like the surface of the tongue."

english translation

hindi translation

tatra zyAvAruNAbhastanuH zItaH picchilo'lpasrAvI rUkSazcaTacaTAyanazIlaH sphuraNAyAmatodabhedavedanAbahulo nirmAMsazceti vAtAt, kSiprajaH pItanIlAbhaH kiMzukodakAbhoSNasrAvI dAhapAkarAgavikArakArI pItapiDakAjuSTazceti pittAt, pratatacaNDakaNDUbahulaH sthUlauSThaH stabdhasirAsnAyujAlAvatataH kaThinaH pANDvavabhAso mandavedanaH zuklazItasAndrapicchilAsrAvI guruzceti kaphAt, pravAladalanicayaprakAzaH kRSNasphoTapiDakAjAlopacitasturaGgasthAnagandhiH savedano dhUmAyanazIlo raktasrAvI pittaliGgazceti raktAt, todadAhadhUmAyanaprAyaH pItAruNAbhastadvarNasrAvI ceti vAtapittAbhyAM, kaNDUyanazIlaH sanistodo rUkSo gururdAruNo muhurmuhuH zItapicchilAlpasrAvI ceti vAtazleSmabhyAM, guruH sadAha uSNaH pItapANDusrAvI ceti pittazleSmabhyAM, rUkSastanustodabahulaH supta iva ca raktAruNAbhastadvarNAsrAvI ceti vAtazoNitAbhyAM, ghRtamaNDAbho mInadhAvanatoyagandhirmRdurvisarpyuSNakRSNasrAvI ceti pittazoNitAbhyAM, rakto guruH snigdhaH picchilaH kaNDUprAyaH sthiro saraktapANDusrAvI ceti zleSmazoNitAbhyAM, sphuraNatodadAhadhUmAyanaprAyaH pItatanuraktasrAvI ceti vAtapittazoNitebhyaH, kaNDUsphuraNacumacumAyamAnaprAyaH pANDughanaraktAsrAvI ceti vAtazleSmazoNitebhyaH, dAhapAkarAgakaNDUprAyaH pANDughanaraktAsrAvI ceti pittazleSmazoNitebhyaH, trividhavarNavedanAsrAvavizeSopetaH pavanapittakaphebhyaH, nirdahananirmathanasphuraNatodadAhapAkarAgakaNDUsvApabahulo nAnAvarNavedanAsrAvavizeSopetaH pavanapittakaphazoNitebhyaH, jihvAtalAbho mRduH snigdhaH zlakSNo vigatavedanaH suvyavasthito nirAsrAvazceti zuddho vraNa iti ||7||

hk transliteration

तस्य व्रणस्य षष्टिरुपक्रमा भवन्ति | तद्यथा- अपतर्पणमालेपः परिषेकोऽभ्यङ्गः स्वेदो विम्लापनमुपनाहः पाचनं विस्रावणं स्नेहो वमनं विरेचनं छेदनं भेदनं दारणं लेखनमेषणमाहरणं व्यधनं विस्रावणं सीवनं सन्धानं पीडनं शोणितास्थापनं निर्वापणमुत्कारिका कषायो वर्तिः कल्कः सर्पिस्तैलं रसक्रियाऽवचूर्णनं व्रणधूपनमुत्सादनमवसादनं मृदुकर्म दारुणकर्म क्षारकर्माग्निकर्म कृष्णकर्म पाण्डुकर्म प्रतिसारणं रोमसञ्जननं लोमापहरणं बस्तिकर्मोत्तरबस्तिकर्म बन्धः पत्रदानं कृमिघ्नं बृंहणं विषघ्नं शिरोविरेचनं नस्यं कवलधारणं धूमो मधु सर्पिर्यन्त्रमाहारो रक्षाविधानमिति ||८||

sanskrit

There are sixty procedures for the treatment of ulcers. These are: - Apatarpana (fasting or depletion therapy), - Application of ointments (Alepa), - Sprinkling of medicinal liquids (Parisheka), - Massage (Abhyanga), - Fomentation (Sweda), - Softening (Vimlapana), - Poultices (Upanaha), - Ripening therapy (Pachana), - Bloodletting (Visravana), - Oleation (Snehana), - Inducing vomiting (Vamana), - Purgation (Virechana), - Excision (Chedana), - Incision (Bhedana), - Splitting (Darana), - Scraping (Lekhana), - Probing (Eshana), - Extraction (Aharana), - Puncturing (Vyadhana), - Suturing (Sivana), - Apposition (Sandhana), - Compressing (Pidana), - Bloodletting by leeches or other methods (Shonitashthapana), - Cooling therapy (Nirvapana), - Utkashika (suturing by stretching), - Astringent decoctions (Kashaya), - Medicinal wicks (Varti), - Pastes (Kalika), - Ghee (Sarpis), - Oils (Taila), - Rasa Kriya (medicated extracts), - Application of powders (Avachurnana), - Fumigation of the wound (Vranadhupana), - Cleaning the wound (Utsadana), - Softening the wound (Avasadana), - Mild treatment (Mridukarma), - Harsh treatment (Darunakarma), - Alkaline therapy (Ksharakarma), - Cauterization by fire (Agnikarma), - Blackening therapy (Krishnakarma), - Yellowing therapy (Pandukarma), - Application of powders (Pratisarana), - Hair regrowth (Romasanjanana), - Hair removal (Lomapaharana), - Enema therapy (Bastikarma), - Post-enema therapy (Uttarabastikarma), - Bandaging (Bandha), - Application of medicinal leaves (Patradana), - Worm-destroying therapy (Krumighna), - Strengthening therapy (Brihmana), - Poison antidote therapy (Vishaghna), - Cleansing of the head (Shirovirechana), - Nasal therapy (Nasya), - Holding medicated liquids in the mouth (Kavaladharana), - Medicinal smoking (Dhupana), - Use of honey and ghee (Madhu Sarpis), - Use of surgical instruments (Yantra), - Dietary management (Ahara), - Protection rituals (Raksha Vidhana).

english translation

hindi translation

tasya vraNasya SaSTirupakramA bhavanti | tadyathA- apatarpaNamAlepaH pariSeko'bhyaGgaH svedo vimlApanamupanAhaH pAcanaM visrAvaNaM sneho vamanaM virecanaM chedanaM bhedanaM dAraNaM lekhanameSaNamAharaNaM vyadhanaM visrAvaNaM sIvanaM sandhAnaM pIDanaM zoNitAsthApanaM nirvApaNamutkArikA kaSAyo vartiH kalkaH sarpistailaM rasakriyA'vacUrNanaM vraNadhUpanamutsAdanamavasAdanaM mRdukarma dAruNakarma kSArakarmAgnikarma kRSNakarma pANDukarma pratisAraNaM romasaJjananaM lomApaharaNaM bastikarmottarabastikarma bandhaH patradAnaM kRmighnaM bRMhaNaM viSaghnaM zirovirecanaM nasyaM kavaladhAraNaM dhUmo madhu sarpiryantramAhAro rakSAvidhAnamiti ||8||

hk transliteration

तेषु कषायो वर्तिः कल्कः सर्पिस्तैलं रसक्रियाऽवचूर्णनमिति शोधनरोपणानि, तेष्वष्टौ शस्त्रकृत्याः, शोणितास्थापनं क्षारोऽग्निर्यन्त्रमाहारो रक्षाविधानं बन्धविधानं चोक्तानि, स्नेहस्वेदनवमनविरेचनबस्त्युत्तरबस्तिशिरोविरेचननस्यधूमकवलधारणान्यन्यत्र वक्ष्यामः , यदन्यदवशिष्टमुपक्रमजातं तदिह वक्ष्यते ||९||

sanskrit

Among these, decoctions (Kashaya), medicinal wicks (Varti), pastes (Kalika), ghee (Sarpis), oils (Taila), medicated extracts (Rasa Kriya), and application of powders (Avachurnana) are classified as purifying and healing treatments. Among these, there are eight procedures involving surgical instruments. Bloodletting (Shonitashthapana), alkaline therapy (Kshara), fire cauterization (Agni), the use of surgical instruments (Yantra), dietary management (Ahara), protective rituals (Raksha Vidhana), and bandaging (Bandha Vidhi) are mentioned. Procedures like oleation (Sneha), fomentation (Swedana), emesis (Vamana), purgation (Virechana), enema (Basti), post-enema therapy (Uttarabasti), head cleansing (Shirovirechana), nasal therapy (Nasya), medicinal smoking (Dhupa), and holding medicated liquids in the mouth (Kavaladharana) will be discussed elsewhere. Other remaining treatments from this category will be explained here.

english translation

hindi translation

teSu kaSAyo vartiH kalkaH sarpistailaM rasakriyA'vacUrNanamiti zodhanaropaNAni, teSvaSTau zastrakRtyAH, zoNitAsthApanaM kSAro'gniryantramAhAro rakSAvidhAnaM bandhavidhAnaM coktAni, snehasvedanavamanavirecanabastyuttarabastizirovirecananasyadhUmakavaladhAraNAnyanyatra vakSyAmaH , yadanyadavaziSTamupakramajAtaM tadiha vakSyate ||9||

hk transliteration

षड्विधः प्रागुपदिष्टः शोफः, तस्यैकादशोपक्रमा भवन्त्यपतर्पणादयो विरेचनान्ताः; ते च विशेषेण शोथप्रतीकारे वर्तन्ते, व्रणभावमापन्नस्य च न विरुध्यन्ते; शेषास्तु प्रायेण व्रणप्रतीकारहेतव एव ||१०||

sanskrit

Swelling (Shotha) was previously mentioned as of six types (Shadvitah). For treating this condition, there are eleven therapeutic measures beginning with depletion therapy (Apatarpana) and ending with purgation (Virechana). These remedies are particularly effective for treating inflammation (Shotha) and do not conflict with the management of an ulcer that has developed as a result. The remaining treatments, for the most part, specifically address the healing of ulcers.

english translation

hindi translation

SaDvidhaH prAgupadiSTaH zophaH, tasyaikAdazopakramA bhavantyapatarpaNAdayo virecanAntAH; te ca vizeSeNa zothapratIkAre vartante, vraNabhAvamApannasya ca na virudhyante; zeSAstu prAyeNa vraNapratIkArahetava eva ||10||

hk transliteration