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Shiva Purana

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प्राणः स्वदेहजो वायुस्तस्यायामो निरोधनम् ॥ तद्रोचकं पूरकं च कुंभकं च त्रिधोच्यते ॥ २१ ॥

Prāṇa is the vital breath in the body. Āyāma is checking. Hence Prāṇāyāma means checking or restraining the breath. It is of three forms—Recaka, Pūraka and Kumbhaka.

english translation