Natyashastra

siva.sh/natyashastra/7/94

अत्राह - किमन्ये भावाः सत्त्वेन विनाऽभिनीयन्ते यस्मादुच्यते एते सात्त्विका इति । अत्रोच्यते - इह हि सत्त्वं नाम मनःप्रभवम् । तच्च समाहितमनस्त्वादुच्यते । मनसः समाधौ सत्त्वनिष्पत्तिर्भवति । तस्य च योऽसौ स्वभावो रोमाञ्चाश्रुवैवर्ण्यादिलक्षणो यथाभावोपगतः स न शक्योऽन्यमनसा कर्तुमिति । लोकस्वभावानुकरणत्वाच्च नाट्यस्य सत्त्वमीप्सितम् । को दृष्टान्तः - इह हि नाट्याधर्मिप्रवृत्ताः सुखदुःखकृता भावास्तथा सत्त्वविशुद्धाः कार्या यथा सरूपा भवन्ति । तत्र दुःखं नाम रोदनात्मकं तत्कथमदुःखितेन सुखं च प्रहर्षात्मकमसुखितेन वाभिनेयम् । एतदेवास्य सत्त्वं यत् दुःखितेन सुखितेन वाऽश्रुरोमाञ्चौ दर्शियितव्यौ इति कृत्वा सात्त्विका भावा इत्यभिव्याख्याताः । त इमे - स्तम्भः स्वेदोऽथ रोमाञ्चः स्वरभेदोऽथ वेपथुः । वैवर्ण्यमश्रुप्रलय इत्यष्टौ सात्त्विका मताः ॥ ९४॥

sanskrit

Now it may be asked, “Are these States called Sāttvika, because other States (Determinants, Consequents and Transitory States) are said to be devoid of Sattva?” [In answer] it is said that the Sattva in this connexion is [something] originating in mind. It is caused by the concentrated mind. The Sattva is accomplished by concentration of the mind. Its nature [which includes] horripilation, tears, loss of colour and the like, cannot be mimicked by an absent-minded man. The Sattva is desired in a play because of its imitating human nature. If the question is, ‘Is there any example in support of this view?’ then it may be said that in theatrical practice, situations of happiness as well as misery should so purely accord with the Sattva behind them that they may appear to be realistic (yathāsvarūpa). How can sorrow which has weeping as its basis, be represented on the stage by any one who is not sorry?, And how can happiness which has joy as its basis be represented on the stage by any one who is not happy? Hence the Sattva being desired [in acting] in connexion with certain States the latter are called Sāttvika. This Sattva is explained by the fact that tears and horripilation are respectively to be shown by persons who are not [actually] sorry or happy. 94. The eight Sāttvika States are as follows: Paralysis, Perspiration, Horripilation, Change of Voice, Trembling, Change of Colour, Weeping and Fainting.

english translation

atrAha - kimanye bhAvAH sattvena vinA'bhinIyante yasmAducyate ete sAttvikA iti | atrocyate - iha hi sattvaM nAma manaHprabhavam | tacca samAhitamanastvAducyate | manasaH samAdhau sattvaniSpattirbhavati | tasya ca yo'sau svabhAvo romAJcAzruvaivarNyAdilakSaNo yathAbhAvopagataH sa na zakyo'nyamanasA kartumiti | lokasvabhAvAnukaraNatvAcca nATyasya sattvamIpsitam | ko dRSTAntaH - iha hi nATyAdharmipravRttAH sukhaduHkhakRtA bhAvAstathA sattvavizuddhAH kAryA yathA sarUpA bhavanti | tatra duHkhaM nAma rodanAtmakaM tatkathamaduHkhitena sukhaM ca praharSAtmakamasukhitena vAbhineyam | etadevAsya sattvaM yat duHkhitena sukhitena vA'zruromAJcau darziyitavyau iti kRtvA sAttvikA bhAvA ityabhivyAkhyAtAH | ta ime - stambhaH svedo'tha romAJcaH svarabhedo'tha vepathuH | vaivarNyamazrupralaya ityaSTau sAttvikA matAH || 94||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/natyashastra/7/94

अत्राह - किमन्ये भावाः सत्त्वेन विनाऽभिनीयन्ते यस्मादुच्यते एते सात्त्विका इति । अत्रोच्यते - इह हि सत्त्वं नाम मनःप्रभवम् । तच्च समाहितमनस्त्वादुच्यते । मनसः समाधौ सत्त्वनिष्पत्तिर्भवति । तस्य च योऽसौ स्वभावो रोमाञ्चाश्रुवैवर्ण्यादिलक्षणो यथाभावोपगतः स न शक्योऽन्यमनसा कर्तुमिति । लोकस्वभावानुकरणत्वाच्च नाट्यस्य सत्त्वमीप्सितम् । को दृष्टान्तः - इह हि नाट्याधर्मिप्रवृत्ताः सुखदुःखकृता भावास्तथा सत्त्वविशुद्धाः कार्या यथा सरूपा भवन्ति । तत्र दुःखं नाम रोदनात्मकं तत्कथमदुःखितेन सुखं च प्रहर्षात्मकमसुखितेन वाभिनेयम् । एतदेवास्य सत्त्वं यत् दुःखितेन सुखितेन वाऽश्रुरोमाञ्चौ दर्शियितव्यौ इति कृत्वा सात्त्विका भावा इत्यभिव्याख्याताः । त इमे - स्तम्भः स्वेदोऽथ रोमाञ्चः स्वरभेदोऽथ वेपथुः । वैवर्ण्यमश्रुप्रलय इत्यष्टौ सात्त्विका मताः ॥ ९४॥

sanskrit

Now it may be asked, “Are these States called Sāttvika, because other States (Determinants, Consequents and Transitory States) are said to be devoid of Sattva?” [In answer] it is said that the Sattva in this connexion is [something] originating in mind. It is caused by the concentrated mind. The Sattva is accomplished by concentration of the mind. Its nature [which includes] horripilation, tears, loss of colour and the like, cannot be mimicked by an absent-minded man. The Sattva is desired in a play because of its imitating human nature. If the question is, ‘Is there any example in support of this view?’ then it may be said that in theatrical practice, situations of happiness as well as misery should so purely accord with the Sattva behind them that they may appear to be realistic (yathāsvarūpa). How can sorrow which has weeping as its basis, be represented on the stage by any one who is not sorry?, And how can happiness which has joy as its basis be represented on the stage by any one who is not happy? Hence the Sattva being desired [in acting] in connexion with certain States the latter are called Sāttvika. This Sattva is explained by the fact that tears and horripilation are respectively to be shown by persons who are not [actually] sorry or happy. 94. The eight Sāttvika States are as follows: Paralysis, Perspiration, Horripilation, Change of Voice, Trembling, Change of Colour, Weeping and Fainting.

english translation

atrAha - kimanye bhAvAH sattvena vinA'bhinIyante yasmAducyate ete sAttvikA iti | atrocyate - iha hi sattvaM nAma manaHprabhavam | tacca samAhitamanastvAducyate | manasaH samAdhau sattvaniSpattirbhavati | tasya ca yo'sau svabhAvo romAJcAzruvaivarNyAdilakSaNo yathAbhAvopagataH sa na zakyo'nyamanasA kartumiti | lokasvabhAvAnukaraNatvAcca nATyasya sattvamIpsitam | ko dRSTAntaH - iha hi nATyAdharmipravRttAH sukhaduHkhakRtA bhAvAstathA sattvavizuddhAH kAryA yathA sarUpA bhavanti | tatra duHkhaM nAma rodanAtmakaM tatkathamaduHkhitena sukhaM ca praharSAtmakamasukhitena vAbhineyam | etadevAsya sattvaM yat duHkhitena sukhitena vA'zruromAJcau darziyitavyau iti kRtvA sAttvikA bhAvA ityabhivyAkhyAtAH | ta ime - stambhaH svedo'tha romAJcaH svarabhedo'tha vepathuH | vaivarNyamazrupralaya ityaSTau sAttvikA matAH || 94||

hk transliteration by Sanscript