Natyashastra

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1

siva.sh/natyashastra/7/1

भावानिदानीं व्याख्यास्यामः । अत्राह- भावा इति कस्मात् । किं भवन्तीति भावाः किं वा भावयन्तीति भावाः । उच्यते - वागङ्गसत्त्वोपेतान्काव्यार्थान्भावयन्तीति भावा इति । भू इति करणे धातुस्तथा च भावितं वासितं कृतमित्यनर्थान्तरम् । लोकेऽपि च प्रसिद्धम् । अहो ह्यनेन गन्धेन रसेन वा सर्वमेव भावितमिति । तच्च व्याप्त्यर्थम् । श्लोकाश्चात्र- विभावेनाहृतो योऽर्थो ह्यनुभावैस्तु गम्यते । वागङ्गसत्त्वाभिनयैः स भाव इति संज्ञितः ॥ १॥

sanskrit

Now I shall speak of the bhāvas (Psychological States, lit. feelings). An anquiry in this connexion is, “Why are the bhāvas so called? Is it because they bhāvayanti (pervade) and are hence called bhāvas?” It is said in reply that bhāvas are so called, because through Words, Gestures and Representation of the Sattva they bhāvayanti (infuse) the meaning of the play [into the spectators]. Bhāva is an ‘instrument,’ of causation; for words, such as bhāvita, vāsita and kṛta are synonymous. An expression like, ‘O, all these things are bhāvita (pervaded) by one another’s smell or moistened by one another’s juice,’ is current even amongst the common people. Hence the root bhāvaya means ‘to cause to pervade.’ On this point there are the following Ślokas: 1. When the meanings presented by Determinants and Consequents are made to pervade (gamayte) [the heart of the spectators] they are called bhāvas.

english translation

bhAvAnidAnIM vyAkhyAsyAmaH | atrAha- bhAvA iti kasmAt | kiM bhavantIti bhAvAH kiM vA bhAvayantIti bhAvAH | ucyate - vAgaGgasattvopetAnkAvyArthAnbhAvayantIti bhAvA iti | bhU iti karaNe dhAtustathA ca bhAvitaM vAsitaM kRtamityanarthAntaram | loke'pi ca prasiddham | aho hyanena gandhena rasena vA sarvameva bhAvitamiti | tacca vyAptyartham | zlokAzcAtra- vibhAvenAhRto yo'rtho hyanubhAvaistu gamyate | vAgaGgasattvAbhinayaiH sa bhAva iti saMjJitaH || 1||

hk transliteration

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siva.sh/natyashastra/7/2

वागङ्गमुखरागेण सत्त्वेनाभिनयेन च । कवेरन्तर्गतं भावं भावयन्भाव उच्यते ॥ २॥

sanskrit

As in these, the inner idea of the playwright is made to pervade [the mind of the spectators] by means of Words, Gestures, colour of the face and Representation of the Sattva, they are called bhāvas.

english translation

vAgaGgamukharAgeNa sattvenAbhinayena ca | kaverantargataM bhAvaM bhAvayanbhAva ucyate || 2||

hk transliteration

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siva.sh/natyashastra/7/3

नानाभिनयसम्बद्धान्भावयन्ति रसानिमान् । यस्मातस्मादमी भावा विज्ञेया नाट्ययोक्तृभिः ॥ ३॥

sanskrit

As they cause the Sentiments relating to various kinds of Histrionic Representation to pervade [the heart of spectators], they are called bhāva (States) by those who produce a drama.

english translation

nAnAbhinayasambaddhAnbhAvayanti rasAnimAn | yasmAtasmAdamI bhAvA vijJeyA nATyayoktRbhiH || 3||

hk transliteration

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siva.sh/natyashastra/7/4

अथ विभाव इति कस्मात् । उच्यते-विभवो विज्ञानार्थः । विभावः कारणं निमित्तं हेतुरिति पर्यायाः । विभाव्यतेऽनेन वागङ्गसत्त्वाभिनया इत्यतो विभावः । यथा विभावितं विज्ञातमित्यनर्थान्तरम् । अत्र श्लोकः - बहवोऽर्था विभाव्यन्ते वागङ्गाभिनयाश्रयाः । अनेन यस्मात्तेनायं विभाव इति संज्ञितः ॥ ४॥

sanskrit

“Now, why is the word vibhāva used?.” [Answer]: “The word vibhāva is used for the sake of clear knowledge. It is synonymous with kāraṇa, nimitta and hetu. As Words, Gestures and Representation of the Sattva are vibhāvyte (determined) by this, it is called vibhāva (Determinant). Vibhāvita [also] means the same thing as vijñāta (clearly known). On this point there is a Śloka: As many things are vibhāvyate (determined) by this through Words, Gestures and the Representation of the Sattva, it is named vibhāva (Determinant).

english translation

atha vibhAva iti kasmAt | ucyate-vibhavo vijJAnArthaH | vibhAvaH kAraNaM nimittaM heturiti paryAyAH | vibhAvyate'nena vAgaGgasattvAbhinayA ityato vibhAvaH | yathA vibhAvitaM vijJAtamityanarthAntaram | atra zlokaH - bahavo'rthA vibhAvyante vAgaGgAbhinayAzrayAH | anena yasmAttenAyaM vibhAva iti saMjJitaH || 4||

hk transliteration

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5

siva.sh/natyashastra/7/5

अथानुभाव इति कस्मात् । उच्यते- अनुभाव्यतेऽनेन वागङ्गसत्त्वकृतोऽभिनय इति । अत्र श्लोकः - वागङ्गाभिनयेनेह यतस्त्वर्थोऽनुभाव्यते । शाखाङ्गोपाङ्गसंयुक्तस्त्वनुभावस्ततः स्मृतः ॥ ५ ॥

sanskrit

“Now, why is the word anubhāva used?” (Answer) “Because this anubhāvayati [the spectators] (i.e. make them feel afterwards) [the effect of] the Histrionic Representation by means of Words, Gestures and the Sattva, it is called anubhāva (Consequent). On this point there is a Śloka: 5. As in it the play (lit. meaning) is anubhāvyate (made to be felt) by means of Words and Gestures, it is called anubhāva, and it relates to words as well as to [gestures and movements of] major and minor limbs.

english translation

athAnubhAva iti kasmAt | ucyate- anubhAvyate'nena vAgaGgasattvakRto'bhinaya iti | atra zlokaH - vAgaGgAbhinayeneha yatastvartho'nubhAvyate | zAkhAGgopAGgasaMyuktastvanubhAvastataH smRtaH || 5 ||

hk transliteration

Chapter 7

Verses 6-10