Natyashastra

siva.sh/natyashastra/7/21

उत्साहो नाम उत्तमप्रकृतिः। स चाविषादशक्तिधैर्यशौर्यादिभिर्विभावै- रुत्पद्यते। तस्य धैर्यत्यागवैशारद्यादिभिरनुभावैरभिनयः प्रयोक्तव्यः । अत्र श्लोकः - असम्मोहादिभिर्व्यक्तो व्यवसायनयात्मकः । उत्साहस्त्वभिनेयः स्यादप्रमादोत्थितादिभिः ॥ २१॥

sanskrit

Energy (utsāha) relates to persons of the superior type. It is caused by Determinants such as absence of sadness, power, patience, heroism and the like. It is to be represented on the stage by Consequents such as steadiness, munificence, boldness in an undertaking, and the like. On this point there is a Śloka: 21. Energy which has effort as its basis and which grows out of alertness and such other qualities, should be represented on the stage by acts of vigilance and the like.

english translation

utsAho nAma uttamaprakRtiH| sa cAviSAdazaktidhairyazauryAdibhirvibhAvai- rutpadyate| tasya dhairyatyAgavaizAradyAdibhiranubhAvairabhinayaH prayoktavyaH | atra zlokaH - asammohAdibhirvyakto vyavasAyanayAtmakaH | utsAhastvabhineyaH syAdapramAdotthitAdibhiH || 21||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/7/22

भयं नाम स्त्रीनीचप्रकृतिकम् । गुरुराजापराधश्वापदशून्यागाराटवीपर्वतगहनगजाहिदर्शननिर्भर्त्सन-कान्तारदुर्दिननिशान्धकरोलूकनक्तञ्चरारावश्रवणादिभिर्विभावैः समुत्पद्यते । तस्य प्रकम्पितकरचरणहृदयकम्पनस्तम्भमुखशोषजिह्वापरिलेहन- स्वेदवेपथुत्राससपरित्राणान्वेषणधावनोत्कृष्टादिभिरनुभवैरभिनयः प्रयोक्तव्यः । अत्र श्लोकाः - गुरुराजापराधेन रौद्राणां चापि दर्शनात् । श्रवणादपि घोराणां भयं मोहेन जायते ॥ २२॥

sanskrit

Fear (bhaya) relates to women and persons of the inferior type. It is caused by Determinants such as acts offending one’s superiors and the king, roaming in a forest, seeing an elephant and a snake, staying in an empty house, rebuke [from one’s superiors], a dark rainy night, hearing the hooting of owls and the cry of animals that go out at night, and the like. It is to be represented on the stage by Consequents such as, trembling hands and feet, palpitation of the heart, paralysis, dryness of the mouth, licking the lips, perspiration, tremor, apprehension [of danger], seeking safety, running away, loud crying and the like. On this point there are Ślokas: 22. Fear arises from an embarassment due to offending one’s superiors and the king, seeing terrible objects and hearing awful things.

english translation

bhayaM nAma strInIcaprakRtikam | gururAjAparAdhazvApadazUnyAgArATavIparvatagahanagajAhidarzananirbhartsana-kAntAradurdinanizAndhakarolUkanaktaJcarArAvazravaNAdibhirvibhAvaiH samutpadyate | tasya prakampitakaracaraNahRdayakampanastambhamukhazoSajihvAparilehana- svedavepathutrAsasaparitrANAnveSaNadhAvanotkRSTAdibhiranubhavairabhinayaH prayoktavyaH | atra zlokAH - gururAjAparAdhena raudrANAM cApi darzanAt | zravaNAdapi ghorANAM bhayaM mohena jAyate || 22||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/7/23

गात्रकम्पनवित्रासैर्वक्त्रशोषणसम्भ्रमैः विस्फारितैक्षणैः कार्यमभिनेयक्रियागुणैः ॥ २३॥

sanskrit

This is to be represented with tremor of the limbs, panic, drying up of the mouth, hurried movement, widely opened eyes and such other gestures and actions.

english translation

gAtrakampanavitrAsairvaktrazoSaNasambhramaiH visphAritaikSaNaiH kAryamabhineyakriyAguNaiH || 23||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/7/24

सत्त्ववित्रासनोद्भूतं भयमुत्पद्यते नृणाम् । स्रस्ताङ्गाक्षिनिमेषैस्तदभिनेयं तु नर्तकैः ॥ २४॥

sanskrit

Fear in men arising from terrifying objects should be represented on the stage by actors (lit. dancers) with slackened limbs and suspended movement of the eyes. There is also an Āryā on this point:

english translation

sattvavitrAsanodbhUtaM bhayamutpadyate nRNAm | srastAGgAkSinimeSaistadabhineyaM tu nartakaiH || 24||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/7/25

अत्रार्या भवति - करचरणहृदयकम्पैर्मुखशोषणवदनलेहनस्तम्भैः । सम्भ्रान्तवदनवेपथुसंत्रासकृतैरभिनयोऽस्य ॥ २५॥

sanskrit

This (fear) should be represented on the stage with tremor of hands and feet, and palpitation of the heart, paralysis, licking the lips, drying up of the mouth, loosened limbs, and sinking (visaṇṇa) body.

english translation

atrAryA bhavati - karacaraNahRdayakampairmukhazoSaNavadanalehanastambhaiH | sambhrAntavadanavepathusaMtrAsakRtairabhinayo'sya || 25||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/7/21

उत्साहो नाम उत्तमप्रकृतिः। स चाविषादशक्तिधैर्यशौर्यादिभिर्विभावै- रुत्पद्यते। तस्य धैर्यत्यागवैशारद्यादिभिरनुभावैरभिनयः प्रयोक्तव्यः । अत्र श्लोकः - असम्मोहादिभिर्व्यक्तो व्यवसायनयात्मकः । उत्साहस्त्वभिनेयः स्यादप्रमादोत्थितादिभिः ॥ २१॥

sanskrit

Energy (utsāha) relates to persons of the superior type. It is caused by Determinants such as absence of sadness, power, patience, heroism and the like. It is to be represented on the stage by Consequents such as steadiness, munificence, boldness in an undertaking, and the like. On this point there is a Śloka: 21. Energy which has effort as its basis and which grows out of alertness and such other qualities, should be represented on the stage by acts of vigilance and the like.

english translation

utsAho nAma uttamaprakRtiH| sa cAviSAdazaktidhairyazauryAdibhirvibhAvai- rutpadyate| tasya dhairyatyAgavaizAradyAdibhiranubhAvairabhinayaH prayoktavyaH | atra zlokaH - asammohAdibhirvyakto vyavasAyanayAtmakaH | utsAhastvabhineyaH syAdapramAdotthitAdibhiH || 21||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/7/22

भयं नाम स्त्रीनीचप्रकृतिकम् । गुरुराजापराधश्वापदशून्यागाराटवीपर्वतगहनगजाहिदर्शननिर्भर्त्सन-कान्तारदुर्दिननिशान्धकरोलूकनक्तञ्चरारावश्रवणादिभिर्विभावैः समुत्पद्यते । तस्य प्रकम्पितकरचरणहृदयकम्पनस्तम्भमुखशोषजिह्वापरिलेहन- स्वेदवेपथुत्राससपरित्राणान्वेषणधावनोत्कृष्टादिभिरनुभवैरभिनयः प्रयोक्तव्यः । अत्र श्लोकाः - गुरुराजापराधेन रौद्राणां चापि दर्शनात् । श्रवणादपि घोराणां भयं मोहेन जायते ॥ २२॥

sanskrit

Fear (bhaya) relates to women and persons of the inferior type. It is caused by Determinants such as acts offending one’s superiors and the king, roaming in a forest, seeing an elephant and a snake, staying in an empty house, rebuke [from one’s superiors], a dark rainy night, hearing the hooting of owls and the cry of animals that go out at night, and the like. It is to be represented on the stage by Consequents such as, trembling hands and feet, palpitation of the heart, paralysis, dryness of the mouth, licking the lips, perspiration, tremor, apprehension [of danger], seeking safety, running away, loud crying and the like. On this point there are Ślokas: 22. Fear arises from an embarassment due to offending one’s superiors and the king, seeing terrible objects and hearing awful things.

english translation

bhayaM nAma strInIcaprakRtikam | gururAjAparAdhazvApadazUnyAgArATavIparvatagahanagajAhidarzananirbhartsana-kAntAradurdinanizAndhakarolUkanaktaJcarArAvazravaNAdibhirvibhAvaiH samutpadyate | tasya prakampitakaracaraNahRdayakampanastambhamukhazoSajihvAparilehana- svedavepathutrAsasaparitrANAnveSaNadhAvanotkRSTAdibhiranubhavairabhinayaH prayoktavyaH | atra zlokAH - gururAjAparAdhena raudrANAM cApi darzanAt | zravaNAdapi ghorANAM bhayaM mohena jAyate || 22||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/7/23

गात्रकम्पनवित्रासैर्वक्त्रशोषणसम्भ्रमैः विस्फारितैक्षणैः कार्यमभिनेयक्रियागुणैः ॥ २३॥

sanskrit

This is to be represented with tremor of the limbs, panic, drying up of the mouth, hurried movement, widely opened eyes and such other gestures and actions.

english translation

gAtrakampanavitrAsairvaktrazoSaNasambhramaiH visphAritaikSaNaiH kAryamabhineyakriyAguNaiH || 23||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/7/24

सत्त्ववित्रासनोद्भूतं भयमुत्पद्यते नृणाम् । स्रस्ताङ्गाक्षिनिमेषैस्तदभिनेयं तु नर्तकैः ॥ २४॥

sanskrit

Fear in men arising from terrifying objects should be represented on the stage by actors (lit. dancers) with slackened limbs and suspended movement of the eyes. There is also an Āryā on this point:

english translation

sattvavitrAsanodbhUtaM bhayamutpadyate nRNAm | srastAGgAkSinimeSaistadabhineyaM tu nartakaiH || 24||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/7/25

अत्रार्या भवति - करचरणहृदयकम्पैर्मुखशोषणवदनलेहनस्तम्भैः । सम्भ्रान्तवदनवेपथुसंत्रासकृतैरभिनयोऽस्य ॥ २५॥

sanskrit

This (fear) should be represented on the stage with tremor of hands and feet, and palpitation of the heart, paralysis, licking the lips, drying up of the mouth, loosened limbs, and sinking (visaṇṇa) body.

english translation

atrAryA bhavati - karacaraNahRdayakampairmukhazoSaNavadanalehanastambhaiH | sambhrAntavadanavepathusaMtrAsakRtairabhinayo'sya || 25||

hk transliteration