Charak Samhita

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/7/11

षट्पञ्चाशत् प्रत्यङ्गानि षट्स्वङ्गेषूपनिबद्धानि, यान्यपरिसङ्ख्यातानि पूर्वमङ्गेषु परिसङ्ख्यायमानेषु, तान्यन्यैःपर्यायैरिह प्रकाश्यानि भवन्ति| तद्यथा- द्वे जङ्घापिण्डिके, द्वे ऊरुपिण्डिके, द्वौ स्फिचौ, द्वौ वृषणौ, एकं शेफः, द्वे उखे, द्वौ वङ्क्षणौ, द्वौ कुकुन्दरौ, एकंबस्तिशीर्षम्, एकमुदरं, द्वौ स्तनौ, द्वौ श्लेष्मभुवौ , द्वे बाहुपिण्डिके, चिबुकमेकं, द्वावोष्ठौ, द्वे सृक्कण्यौ, द्वौदन्तवेष्टकौ, एकं तालु, एका गलशुण्डिका, द्वे उपजिह्विके, एका गोजिह्विका, द्वौ गण्डौ, द्वे कर्णशष्कुलिके, द्वौ कर्णपुत्रकौ,द्वे अक्षिकूटे, चत्वार्यक्षिवर्त्मानि, द्वे अक्षिकनीनिके, द्वे भ्रुवौ, एकाऽवटुः, चत्वारि पाणिपादहृदयानि ||११||

sanskrit

[Pratyanga varnana] The shadanga sharira could be divided further into fifty-six pratyangas (subdivisions). These include constituents or structures that were not described earlier. The fifty-six pratyangas include 1) Two janghanapindaka (calf regions), 2) Two urupindaka (thigh regions), 3) Two sphik (gluteal regions), 4) Two vrishana (testicles), 5) One shepha (penis), 6) Two ukha (axillae), 7) Two vankshana (inguinal regions), 8) Two kukundara (ischial regions), 9) One bastishirsha (mons pubis), 10) One udara (abdomen), 11) Two stana (breasts), 12) Two sleshmabhuvou (thoracobrachial regions), 13) Two bahupindaka (forearms), 14) One chibuka (chin), 15) Two oshtha (lips), 16) Two srakkani (margins of lips), 17) Two dantaveshtaka (gums), 18) One talu (palate), 19) One galashundika (uvula), 20) Two upajihvika (Tonsils), 21) One gojihvika (glottis), 22) Two ganda (cheek regions), 23) Two karnashashkuli (auricles of ear), 24) Two karnaputraka (tregus), 25) Two akshikuta (orbits), 26) Four akshivartma (eye lids), 27) Two akshikaninika (pupils), 28) Two bhruva (eye brows), 29) One avatu (nucha), 30) Four panipadahridaya (two palmar heart and two plantar hearts).

english translation

SaTpaJcAzat pratyaGgAni SaTsvaGgeSUpanibaddhAni, yAnyaparisaGkhyAtAni pUrvamaGgeSu parisaGkhyAyamAneSu, tAnyanyaiHparyAyairiha prakAzyAni bhavanti| tadyathA- dve jaGghApiNDike, dve UrupiNDike, dvau sphicau, dvau vRSaNau, ekaM zephaH, dve ukhe, dvau vaGkSaNau, dvau kukundarau, ekaMbastizIrSam, ekamudaraM, dvau stanau, dvau zleSmabhuvau , dve bAhupiNDike, cibukamekaM, dvAvoSThau, dve sRkkaNyau, dvaudantaveSTakau, ekaM tAlu, ekA galazuNDikA, dve upajihvike, ekA gojihvikA, dvau gaNDau, dve karNazaSkulike, dvau karNaputrakau,dve akSikUTe, catvAryakSivartmAni, dve akSikanInike, dve bhruvau, ekA'vaTuH, catvAri pANipAdahRdayAni ||11||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/7/12

नव महन्ति छिद्राणि- सप्त शिरसि, द्वे चाधः ||१२||

sanskrit

[External orifice of the body] There are nine major orifices or openings in the body, seven of which are located in the head region (two ocular, two nasal, two auditory and one oral) and two in the lower part of the body (one anal and one urethral).

english translation

nava mahanti chidrANi- sapta zirasi, dve cAdhaH ||12||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/7/13

एतावद्दृश्यं शक्यमपि निर्देष्टुम् ||१३||

sanskrit

[Pratyaksha sharira] As apparent (from skin to palm of the hands and soles of the feet), this is the only demonstrable topographical anatomy (pratyaksha sharira) which can be visualized by the normal eyes, and counted with certainty.

english translation

etAvaddRzyaM zakyamapi nirdeSTum ||13||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/7/14

अनिर्देश्यमतः परं तर्क्यमेव| तद्यथा- नव स्नायुशतानि, सप्त सिराशतानि, द्वे धमनीशते, चत्वारि पेशीशतानि, सप्तोत्तरं मर्मशतं, द्वे सन्धिशते,एकोनत्रिंशत्सहस्राणि नव च शतानि षट्पञ्चाशत्कानि सिराधमनीनामणुशः प्रविभज्यमानानां मुखाग्रपरिमाणं, तावन्ति चैवकेशश्मश्रुलोमानीति| एतद्यथावत्सङ्ख्यातं त्वक्प्रभृति दृश्यं, तर्क्यमतः परम्| एतदुभयमपि न विकल्पते, प्रकृतिभावाच्छरीरस्य ||१४||

sanskrit

[Rationally computable shira, dhamani, snayu, etc.] Starting this verse, the given anatomical descriptions will only be based on logic and reasoning, as the fixity of the count of the “rationally computable” constituents of the body is not possible. These include tissues like ligaments, muscles, veins and arteries. For example, the estimated count of snayu (ligaments) in this text has been put at 900, shira (veins) at 700, dhamani (arteries) at 200, peshi (muscles) at 400, marmas (vital parts) at 107, sandhi (joints) at 200, shira dhamani anuroopmukh (capillaries) at 29,956 and the same count (29,956) has been put for the number of kesh (hair), smashru (beard) and loma (body hair). Thus, an attempt has been made to enumerate all visible structures within the body - from the skin to the limbs down to all the “rationally computable” (anumangamya) structures. As described, these two types (drashya and tarkamat) of numbers do not change in status until an anomaly occurs.

english translation

anirdezyamataH paraM tarkyameva| tadyathA- nava snAyuzatAni, sapta sirAzatAni, dve dhamanIzate, catvAri pezIzatAni, saptottaraM marmazataM, dve sandhizate,ekonatriMzatsahasrANi nava ca zatAni SaTpaJcAzatkAni sirAdhamanInAmaNuzaH pravibhajyamAnAnAM mukhAgraparimANaM, tAvanti caivakezazmazrulomAnIti| etadyathAvatsaGkhyAtaM tvakprabhRti dRzyaM, tarkyamataH param| etadubhayamapi na vikalpate, prakRtibhAvAccharIrasya ||14||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/7/15

यत्त्वञ्जलिसङ्ख्येयं तदुपदेक्ष्यामः; तत् परं प्रमाणमभिज्ञेयं, तच्च वृद्धिह्रासयोगि, तर्क्यमेव| तद्यथा- दशोदकस्याञ्जलयः शरीरे स्वेनाञ्जलिप्रमाणेन, यत्तु प्रच्यवमानं पुरीषमनुबध्नात्यतियोगेन तथा मूत्रं रुधिरमन्यांश्चशरीरधातून्, यत्तु सर्वशरीरचरं बाह्या त्वग्बिभर्ति, यत्तु त्वगन्तरे व्रणगतं लसीकाशब्दं लभते, यच्चोष्मणाऽनुबद्धं लोमकूपेभ्योनिष्पतत् स्वेदशब्दमवाप्नोति, तदुदकं दशाञ्जलिप्रमाणं; नवाञ्जलयः पूर्वस्याहारपरिणामधातोः, यं ‘रस’ इत्याचक्षते; अष्टौशोणितस्य, सप्त पुरीषस्य, षट् श्लेष्मणः, पञ्च पित्तस्य, चत्वारो मूत्रस्य, त्रयो वसायाः, द्वौ मेदसः, एको मज्जायाः,मस्तिष्कस्यार्धाञ्जलिः, शुक्रस्य तावदेव प्रमाणं, तावदेव [१] श्लैष्मिकस्यौजस इति| एतच्छरीरतत्त्वमुक्तम् ||१५||

sanskrit

[Anjali pramana (quantum of rasadi dhatu)] Now we will describe the anjali pramana (literally, measurable by joining both palms. The quantity in it is anjali of one’s hand) by which bodily constituents or rasadi dhatu, could be quantified in our body. The quantity of dhatus given here are the maximum quantity of respective constituents in the body and it may increase or decrease. Their variability could be measured logically. Water within a body is equal to ten anjalis of the person. The elimination of water in feces and sweat is (because of) excess quantity of water. Similarly, water is present in a specific proportion in urine, blood and other dhatus in the body. Jala within the whole body is stored in the external layer of the twacha (udakadhara). Water designated as lasika, in the condition of a wound in the skin, is excreted through the hair pockets (sweat glands) as sweda (sweat). The quantum of water is equal to ten anjalis. After the digestion of food, rasa (or rasa dhatu) is equal to nine anjalis, rakta (blood) is eight anjalis, seven anjalis is purisha (feces), six anjalis is shleshma, five anjalis is pitta, four anjalis is mutra, three anjalis is vasa, two anjalis is meda, one anjali is majja, half anjali is mastishka, half anjali is shukra and half anjali is slaeshmic ojas. This concludes the measurement of body constituents.

english translation

yattvaJjalisaGkhyeyaM tadupadekSyAmaH; tat paraM pramANamabhijJeyaM, tacca vRddhihrAsayogi, tarkyameva| tadyathA- dazodakasyAJjalayaH zarIre svenAJjalipramANena, yattu pracyavamAnaM purISamanubadhnAtyatiyogena tathA mUtraM rudhiramanyAMzcazarIradhAtUn, yattu sarvazarIracaraM bAhyA tvagbibharti, yattu tvagantare vraNagataM lasIkAzabdaM labhate, yaccoSmaNA'nubaddhaM lomakUpebhyoniSpatat svedazabdamavApnoti, tadudakaM dazAJjalipramANaM; navAJjalayaH pUrvasyAhArapariNAmadhAtoH, yaM ‘rasa’ ityAcakSate; aSTauzoNitasya, sapta purISasya, SaT zleSmaNaH, paJca pittasya, catvAro mUtrasya, trayo vasAyAH, dvau medasaH, eko majjAyAH,mastiSkasyArdhAJjaliH, zukrasya tAvadeva pramANaM, tAvadeva [1] zlaiSmikasyaujasa iti| etaccharIratattvamuktam ||15||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/7/11

षट्पञ्चाशत् प्रत्यङ्गानि षट्स्वङ्गेषूपनिबद्धानि, यान्यपरिसङ्ख्यातानि पूर्वमङ्गेषु परिसङ्ख्यायमानेषु, तान्यन्यैःपर्यायैरिह प्रकाश्यानि भवन्ति| तद्यथा- द्वे जङ्घापिण्डिके, द्वे ऊरुपिण्डिके, द्वौ स्फिचौ, द्वौ वृषणौ, एकं शेफः, द्वे उखे, द्वौ वङ्क्षणौ, द्वौ कुकुन्दरौ, एकंबस्तिशीर्षम्, एकमुदरं, द्वौ स्तनौ, द्वौ श्लेष्मभुवौ , द्वे बाहुपिण्डिके, चिबुकमेकं, द्वावोष्ठौ, द्वे सृक्कण्यौ, द्वौदन्तवेष्टकौ, एकं तालु, एका गलशुण्डिका, द्वे उपजिह्विके, एका गोजिह्विका, द्वौ गण्डौ, द्वे कर्णशष्कुलिके, द्वौ कर्णपुत्रकौ,द्वे अक्षिकूटे, चत्वार्यक्षिवर्त्मानि, द्वे अक्षिकनीनिके, द्वे भ्रुवौ, एकाऽवटुः, चत्वारि पाणिपादहृदयानि ||११||

sanskrit

[Pratyanga varnana] The shadanga sharira could be divided further into fifty-six pratyangas (subdivisions). These include constituents or structures that were not described earlier. The fifty-six pratyangas include 1) Two janghanapindaka (calf regions), 2) Two urupindaka (thigh regions), 3) Two sphik (gluteal regions), 4) Two vrishana (testicles), 5) One shepha (penis), 6) Two ukha (axillae), 7) Two vankshana (inguinal regions), 8) Two kukundara (ischial regions), 9) One bastishirsha (mons pubis), 10) One udara (abdomen), 11) Two stana (breasts), 12) Two sleshmabhuvou (thoracobrachial regions), 13) Two bahupindaka (forearms), 14) One chibuka (chin), 15) Two oshtha (lips), 16) Two srakkani (margins of lips), 17) Two dantaveshtaka (gums), 18) One talu (palate), 19) One galashundika (uvula), 20) Two upajihvika (Tonsils), 21) One gojihvika (glottis), 22) Two ganda (cheek regions), 23) Two karnashashkuli (auricles of ear), 24) Two karnaputraka (tregus), 25) Two akshikuta (orbits), 26) Four akshivartma (eye lids), 27) Two akshikaninika (pupils), 28) Two bhruva (eye brows), 29) One avatu (nucha), 30) Four panipadahridaya (two palmar heart and two plantar hearts).

english translation

SaTpaJcAzat pratyaGgAni SaTsvaGgeSUpanibaddhAni, yAnyaparisaGkhyAtAni pUrvamaGgeSu parisaGkhyAyamAneSu, tAnyanyaiHparyAyairiha prakAzyAni bhavanti| tadyathA- dve jaGghApiNDike, dve UrupiNDike, dvau sphicau, dvau vRSaNau, ekaM zephaH, dve ukhe, dvau vaGkSaNau, dvau kukundarau, ekaMbastizIrSam, ekamudaraM, dvau stanau, dvau zleSmabhuvau , dve bAhupiNDike, cibukamekaM, dvAvoSThau, dve sRkkaNyau, dvaudantaveSTakau, ekaM tAlu, ekA galazuNDikA, dve upajihvike, ekA gojihvikA, dvau gaNDau, dve karNazaSkulike, dvau karNaputrakau,dve akSikUTe, catvAryakSivartmAni, dve akSikanInike, dve bhruvau, ekA'vaTuH, catvAri pANipAdahRdayAni ||11||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/7/12

नव महन्ति छिद्राणि- सप्त शिरसि, द्वे चाधः ||१२||

sanskrit

[External orifice of the body] There are nine major orifices or openings in the body, seven of which are located in the head region (two ocular, two nasal, two auditory and one oral) and two in the lower part of the body (one anal and one urethral).

english translation

nava mahanti chidrANi- sapta zirasi, dve cAdhaH ||12||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/7/13

एतावद्दृश्यं शक्यमपि निर्देष्टुम् ||१३||

sanskrit

[Pratyaksha sharira] As apparent (from skin to palm of the hands and soles of the feet), this is the only demonstrable topographical anatomy (pratyaksha sharira) which can be visualized by the normal eyes, and counted with certainty.

english translation

etAvaddRzyaM zakyamapi nirdeSTum ||13||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/7/14

अनिर्देश्यमतः परं तर्क्यमेव| तद्यथा- नव स्नायुशतानि, सप्त सिराशतानि, द्वे धमनीशते, चत्वारि पेशीशतानि, सप्तोत्तरं मर्मशतं, द्वे सन्धिशते,एकोनत्रिंशत्सहस्राणि नव च शतानि षट्पञ्चाशत्कानि सिराधमनीनामणुशः प्रविभज्यमानानां मुखाग्रपरिमाणं, तावन्ति चैवकेशश्मश्रुलोमानीति| एतद्यथावत्सङ्ख्यातं त्वक्प्रभृति दृश्यं, तर्क्यमतः परम्| एतदुभयमपि न विकल्पते, प्रकृतिभावाच्छरीरस्य ||१४||

sanskrit

[Rationally computable shira, dhamani, snayu, etc.] Starting this verse, the given anatomical descriptions will only be based on logic and reasoning, as the fixity of the count of the “rationally computable” constituents of the body is not possible. These include tissues like ligaments, muscles, veins and arteries. For example, the estimated count of snayu (ligaments) in this text has been put at 900, shira (veins) at 700, dhamani (arteries) at 200, peshi (muscles) at 400, marmas (vital parts) at 107, sandhi (joints) at 200, shira dhamani anuroopmukh (capillaries) at 29,956 and the same count (29,956) has been put for the number of kesh (hair), smashru (beard) and loma (body hair). Thus, an attempt has been made to enumerate all visible structures within the body - from the skin to the limbs down to all the “rationally computable” (anumangamya) structures. As described, these two types (drashya and tarkamat) of numbers do not change in status until an anomaly occurs.

english translation

anirdezyamataH paraM tarkyameva| tadyathA- nava snAyuzatAni, sapta sirAzatAni, dve dhamanIzate, catvAri pezIzatAni, saptottaraM marmazataM, dve sandhizate,ekonatriMzatsahasrANi nava ca zatAni SaTpaJcAzatkAni sirAdhamanInAmaNuzaH pravibhajyamAnAnAM mukhAgraparimANaM, tAvanti caivakezazmazrulomAnIti| etadyathAvatsaGkhyAtaM tvakprabhRti dRzyaM, tarkyamataH param| etadubhayamapi na vikalpate, prakRtibhAvAccharIrasya ||14||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/7/15

यत्त्वञ्जलिसङ्ख्येयं तदुपदेक्ष्यामः; तत् परं प्रमाणमभिज्ञेयं, तच्च वृद्धिह्रासयोगि, तर्क्यमेव| तद्यथा- दशोदकस्याञ्जलयः शरीरे स्वेनाञ्जलिप्रमाणेन, यत्तु प्रच्यवमानं पुरीषमनुबध्नात्यतियोगेन तथा मूत्रं रुधिरमन्यांश्चशरीरधातून्, यत्तु सर्वशरीरचरं बाह्या त्वग्बिभर्ति, यत्तु त्वगन्तरे व्रणगतं लसीकाशब्दं लभते, यच्चोष्मणाऽनुबद्धं लोमकूपेभ्योनिष्पतत् स्वेदशब्दमवाप्नोति, तदुदकं दशाञ्जलिप्रमाणं; नवाञ्जलयः पूर्वस्याहारपरिणामधातोः, यं ‘रस’ इत्याचक्षते; अष्टौशोणितस्य, सप्त पुरीषस्य, षट् श्लेष्मणः, पञ्च पित्तस्य, चत्वारो मूत्रस्य, त्रयो वसायाः, द्वौ मेदसः, एको मज्जायाः,मस्तिष्कस्यार्धाञ्जलिः, शुक्रस्य तावदेव प्रमाणं, तावदेव [१] श्लैष्मिकस्यौजस इति| एतच्छरीरतत्त्वमुक्तम् ||१५||

sanskrit

[Anjali pramana (quantum of rasadi dhatu)] Now we will describe the anjali pramana (literally, measurable by joining both palms. The quantity in it is anjali of one’s hand) by which bodily constituents or rasadi dhatu, could be quantified in our body. The quantity of dhatus given here are the maximum quantity of respective constituents in the body and it may increase or decrease. Their variability could be measured logically. Water within a body is equal to ten anjalis of the person. The elimination of water in feces and sweat is (because of) excess quantity of water. Similarly, water is present in a specific proportion in urine, blood and other dhatus in the body. Jala within the whole body is stored in the external layer of the twacha (udakadhara). Water designated as lasika, in the condition of a wound in the skin, is excreted through the hair pockets (sweat glands) as sweda (sweat). The quantum of water is equal to ten anjalis. After the digestion of food, rasa (or rasa dhatu) is equal to nine anjalis, rakta (blood) is eight anjalis, seven anjalis is purisha (feces), six anjalis is shleshma, five anjalis is pitta, four anjalis is mutra, three anjalis is vasa, two anjalis is meda, one anjali is majja, half anjali is mastishka, half anjali is shukra and half anjali is slaeshmic ojas. This concludes the measurement of body constituents.

english translation

yattvaJjalisaGkhyeyaM tadupadekSyAmaH; tat paraM pramANamabhijJeyaM, tacca vRddhihrAsayogi, tarkyameva| tadyathA- dazodakasyAJjalayaH zarIre svenAJjalipramANena, yattu pracyavamAnaM purISamanubadhnAtyatiyogena tathA mUtraM rudhiramanyAMzcazarIradhAtUn, yattu sarvazarIracaraM bAhyA tvagbibharti, yattu tvagantare vraNagataM lasIkAzabdaM labhate, yaccoSmaNA'nubaddhaM lomakUpebhyoniSpatat svedazabdamavApnoti, tadudakaM dazAJjalipramANaM; navAJjalayaH pUrvasyAhArapariNAmadhAtoH, yaM ‘rasa’ ityAcakSate; aSTauzoNitasya, sapta purISasya, SaT zleSmaNaH, paJca pittasya, catvAro mUtrasya, trayo vasAyAH, dvau medasaH, eko majjAyAH,mastiSkasyArdhAJjaliH, zukrasya tAvadeva pramANaM, tAvadeva [1] zlaiSmikasyaujasa iti| etaccharIratattvamuktam ||15||

hk transliteration