Charak Samhita

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त्रीणि सषष्टीनि शतान्यस्थ्नां सह दन्तोलूखलनखेन | तद्यथा-द्वात्रिंशद्दन्ताः, द्वात्रिंशद्दन्तोलूखलानि, विंशतिर्नखाः, षष्टिः पाणिपादाङ्गुल्यस्थीनि, विंशतिःपाणिपादशलाकाः, चत्वारि पाणिपादशलाकाधिष्ठानानि, द्वे पार्ष्ण्योरस्थिनी, चत्वारः पादयोर्गुल्फाः, द्वौ मणिकौ हस्तयोः, चत्वार्यरत्न्योरस्थीनि, चत्वारि जङ्घयोः, द्वे जानुनी, द्वे जानुकपालिके, द्वावूरुनलकौ, द्वौ बाहुनलकौ, द्वावंसौ,द्वे अंसफलके, द्वावक्षकौ, एकं जत्रु, द्वे तालुके, द्वे श्रोणिफलके, एकं भगास्थि, पञ्चचत्वारिंशत् पृष्ठगतान्यस्थीनि,पञ्चदश ग्रीवायां, चतुर्दशोरसि, द्वयोः पार्श्वयोश्चतुर्विंशतिः पर्शुकाः, तावन्ति स्थालकानि, तावन्ति चैव स्थालकार्बुदानि, एकंहन्वस्थि, द्वे हनुमूलबन्धने, एकास्थि नासिकागण्डकूटललाटं, द्वौ शङ्खौ, चत्वारि शिरःकपालानीति; एवं त्रीणि सषष्टीनिशतान्यस्थ्नां सह दन्तोलूखलनखेनेति ||६||

[Number of bones] Including teeth, teeth sockets and the nails, the human bones are 360 in number. A breakdown of this number is as follows: 1) Teeth (danta) are 32, teeth sockets (danta udukhal) are 32. 2) Nails (nakha) are 20. 3) Bones of fingers (angulyasthi) in upper and lower limb are 60. 4) Metacarpals and metatarsals (shalakasthi) are 20. 5) Distal carpal and distal tarsals (shalakashraya) are 4. 6) Calcaneus (parshni) are 2. 7) Ankle bones/talus and navicular (gulphasthi) are 4.. 8) Proximal carpal bones (manikasthi) in the hands are 2 9) Forearm bones (aratni) are 4. 10) Leg bones (janghasthi) are 4. 11) Knee bones (janvasthi) are 2. 12) Patella (janukapal) are 2. 13) Femur (urunalaka) are 2. 14) Humerus (bahunalaka) are 2. 15) Clavicle (ansasthi) are 2. 16) Scapula (ansaphalakasthi) are 2 17) Clavicular articular disc (akshakasthi) are 2. 18) Xiphisternum (jatru) is 1. 19) Palatines (talvasthi) are 2. 20) Ilium (shroniphalaka) are 2. 21) Pubis (bhagasthi) is 1. 22) Bones of the back (prashthagata asthi) are 45. 23) Bones of the neck (grivagat asthi) are 15. 24) Bones of the chest (uroasthi) are 14. 25) Both sides ribs (parshuka) are 24. 26) Both sides rib sockets (parshukasthalaka) are 24. 27) Both sides rib tubercles (parshukarbuda) are 24. 28) Mandible (hanvasthi) is 1. 29) Mandibular articular disc (hanumoolabandhanasthi) are 2. 30) Nasal (nasikasthi) is 1. 31) Zygomatic (gandakutasthi) is 1. 32) Frontal (lalatasthi) is 1. 33) Temporal (shamkhasthi) are 2 and 34) Skull bones (shirakapalasthi) are 4.

english translation

trINi saSaSTIni zatAnyasthnAM saha dantolUkhalanakhena | tadyathA-dvAtriMzaddantAH, dvAtriMzaddantolUkhalAni, viMzatirnakhAH, SaSTiH pANipAdAGgulyasthIni, viMzatiHpANipAdazalAkAH, catvAri pANipAdazalAkAdhiSThAnAni, dve pArSNyorasthinI, catvAraH pAdayorgulphAH, dvau maNikau hastayoH, catvAryaratnyorasthIni, catvAri jaGghayoH, dve jAnunI, dve jAnukapAlike, dvAvUrunalakau, dvau bAhunalakau, dvAvaMsau,dve aMsaphalake, dvAvakSakau, ekaM jatru, dve tAluke, dve zroNiphalake, ekaM bhagAsthi, paJcacatvAriMzat pRSThagatAnyasthIni,paJcadaza grIvAyAM, caturdazorasi, dvayoH pArzvayozcaturviMzatiH parzukAH, tAvanti sthAlakAni, tAvanti caiva sthAlakArbudAni, ekaMhanvasthi, dve hanumUlabandhane, ekAsthi nAsikAgaNDakUTalalATaM, dvau zaGkhau, catvAri ziraHkapAlAnIti; evaM trINi saSaSTInizatAnyasthnAM saha dantolUkhalanakheneti ||6||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

पञ्चेन्द्रियाधिष्ठानानि; तद्यथा- त्वग्, जिह्वा, नासिका, अक्षिणी, कर्णौ च| पञ्च बुद्धीन्द्रियाणि; तद्यथा- स्पर्शनं, रसनं, घ्राणं, दर्शनं, श्रोत्रमिति| पञ्च कर्मेन्द्रियाणि; तद्यथा- हस्तौ, पादौ, पायुः, उपस्थः, जिह्वा चेति ||७||

[Five indriyadhishthana, five buddhindriya and five karmendriya] Five indriyadhishthana (seats of indriya) are skin (twacha), tongue (jihva), nose (nasika), eyes (netra) and ears (karna). Five buddhindriya (senses) are touch (sparshana), taste (rasana), smell (ghrana), vision (darshana) and hearing (shrotra). Five karmendriya (motor organs) are hands (hasta), feet (pada), anus (payu), penis (upastha) and tongue (jihva).

english translation

paJcendriyAdhiSThAnAni; tadyathA- tvag, jihvA, nAsikA, akSiNI, karNau ca| paJca buddhIndriyANi; tadyathA- sparzanaM, rasanaM, ghrANaM, darzanaM, zrotramiti| paJca karmendriyANi; tadyathA- hastau, pAdau, pAyuH, upasthaH, jihvA ceti ||7||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

हृदयं चेतनाधिष्ठानमेकम्||८||

[Seat of chetana (consciousness)] Hridaya (heart) alone is the seat of chetana, or consciousness.

english translation

hRdayaM cetanAdhiSThAnamekam||8||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

दश प्राणायतनानि; तद्यथा- मूर्धा, कण्ठः, हृदयं, नाभिः, गुदं, बस्तिः, ओजः, शुक्रं, शोणितं, मांसमिति| तेषु षट् पूर्वाणि मर्मसङ्ख्यातानि ||९||

[Ten vital seats] There are ten pranayatana in the body, i.e. murdha (head), kantha (throat), hridaya (heart), nabhi (umbilicus), guda (anus), basti (urinary bladder), ojas (essence of vitality), shukra (semen, ovum), shonita (blood), and mamsa (muscle tissue). Of these, the first six are the marmas.

english translation

daza prANAyatanAni; tadyathA- mUrdhA, kaNThaH, hRdayaM, nAbhiH, gudaM, bastiH, ojaH, zukraM, zoNitaM, mAMsamiti| teSu SaT pUrvANi marmasaGkhyAtAni ||9||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

पञ्चदश कोष्ठाङ्गानि; तद्यथा- नाभिश्च, हृदयं च, क्लोम च, यकृच्च, प्लीहा च, वृक्कौ च, बस्तिश्च, पुरीषाधारश्च,आमाशयश्च, पक्वाशयश्च, उत्तरगुदं च, अधरगुदं च, क्षुद्रान्त्रं च, स्थूलान्त्रं च, वपावहनं चेति ||१०||

[Koshthanga] There are fifteen koshthangas, i.e. nabhi (umbilicus, mesentery), hridaya (heart), kloma (pancreas), yakrita (liver), pleeha (spleen), vrikka ( two kidneys), basti (urinary bladder), purishadhara (sigmoid colon), amashaya (stomach), pakvashaya (cecum), uttaraguda (rectum), adharaguda (anus), kshudrantra (small intestine), sthulantra (large intestine), and vapavahana (omentum).

english translation

paJcadaza koSThAGgAni; tadyathA- nAbhizca, hRdayaM ca, kloma ca, yakRcca, plIhA ca, vRkkau ca, bastizca, purISAdhArazca,AmAzayazca, pakvAzayazca, uttaragudaM ca, adharagudaM ca, kSudrAntraM ca, sthUlAntraM ca, vapAvahanaM ceti ||10||

hk transliteration by Sanscript