Charak Samhita

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परिमर्शनीयेन्द्रियोपक्रमः अथातः परिमर्शनीयमिन्द्रियं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||

sanskrit

Now we shall expound the chapter "Parimarshaneeyam Indriyam"(Palpable signs of Imminent Death).

english translation

parimarzanIyendriyopakramaH athAtaH parimarzanIyamindriyaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH ||1||

hk transliteration

इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः ||२||

sanskrit

Thus said Lord Atreya.

english translation

iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH ||2||

hk transliteration

वर्णे स्वरे च गन्धे च रसे चोक्तं पृथक् पृथक्| लिङ्गं मुमूर्षतां सम्यक् स्पर्शेष्वपि निबोधत ||३||

sanskrit

The person who is about to die manifests various signs in terms of colour, voice, odour, taste in mouth which are described separately. Now we will learn about the signs of imminent death pertaining to touch.

english translation

varNe svare ca gandhe ca rase coktaM pRthak pRthak| liGgaM mumUrSatAM samyak sparzeSvapi nibodhata ||3||

hk transliteration

स्पर्शप्राधान्येनैवातुरस्यायुषः प्रमाणावशेषं जिज्ञासुः प्रकृतिस्थेन पाणिना शरीरमस्य केवलं स्पृशेत्, परिमर्शयेद्वाऽन्ये| परिमृशता तु खल्वातुरशरीरमिमे भावास्तत्र तत्रावबोद्धव्या भवन्ति| तद्यथा- सततं स्पन्दमानानां शरीरदेशानामस्पन्दनं, नित्योष्मणां शीतीभावः, मृदूनां दारुणत्वं, श्लक्ष्णानां खरत्वं,सतामसद्भावः, सन्धीनां स्रंसभ्रंशच्यवनानि; मांसशोणितयोर्वीतीभावः, दारुणत्वं, स्वेदानुबन्धः, स्तम्भो वा; यच्चान्यदपिकिञ्चिदीदृशं स्पर्शानां लक्षणं भृशविकृतमनिमित्तं स्यात्| इति लक्षणं स्पृश्यानां भावानामुक्तं समासेन ||४||

sanskrit

[Assessment factors by palpation] The physician who wants to use the method of palpation for measuring the remaining lifespan of a patient, should palpate his (patient’s) entire body with his hands, the hands being in normal condition. If the hands of the physician are not in normal condition, he should do so by using another person as a substitute for palpating the patient’s body. While palpating patient’s body; following deviations should be studied keeping normal anatomy and physiology of the body in mind. Extreme deviations from normalcy in the body like the absence of pulsation in the pulsatile areas of the body, absence of warmth from warm regions of the body or the presence of hardness or rigidity in softer body structures can give important information in regards to the life span of the person. Similarly the presence of the signs like dislocation or displacement of joints, extreme alteration in perspiration, extreme emaciation or bulkiness of muscle etc. which are found without any apparent cause are to be studied to assess the span of life or the signs of death.

english translation

sparzaprAdhAnyenaivAturasyAyuSaH pramANAvazeSaM jijJAsuH prakRtisthena pANinA zarIramasya kevalaM spRzet, parimarzayedvA'nye| parimRzatA tu khalvAturazarIramime bhAvAstatra tatrAvaboddhavyA bhavanti| tadyathA- satataM spandamAnAnAM zarIradezAnAmaspandanaM, nityoSmaNAM zItIbhAvaH, mRdUnAM dAruNatvaM, zlakSNAnAM kharatvaM,satAmasadbhAvaH, sandhInAM sraMsabhraMzacyavanAni; mAMsazoNitayorvItIbhAvaH, dAruNatvaM, svedAnubandhaH, stambho vA; yaccAnyadapikiJcidIdRzaM sparzAnAM lakSaNaM bhRzavikRtamanimittaM syAt| iti lakSaNaM spRzyAnAM bhAvAnAmuktaM samAsena ||4||

hk transliteration

तद्व्यासतोऽनुव्याख्यास्यामः- तस्य चेत् परिमृश्यमानं पृथक्त्वेनपादजङ्घोरुस्फिगुदरपार्श्वपृष्ठेषिकापाणिग्रीवाताल्वोष्ठललाटं स्विन्नं शीतं स्तब्धं दारुणं वीतमांसशोणितं वा स्यात्,परासुरयं पुरुषो न चिरात् कालं मरिष्यतीति विद्यात्| तस्य चेत् परिमृश्यमानानि पृथक्त्वेनगुल्फजानुवङ्क्षणगुदवृषणमेढ्रनाभ्यंसस्तनमणिकपर्शुकाहनुनासिकाकर्णाक्षिभ्रूशङ्खादीनि स्रस्तानि व्यस्तानि च्युतानिस्थानेभ्यः स्कन्नानि वा स्युः, परासुरयं पुरुषोऽचिरात् कालं मरिष्यतीति विद्यात् ||५||

sanskrit

[Assessment by observation of body parts] Now I will elaborate upon what I have stated above. If on individual palpation; the feet, calves, thighs, buttocks, belly, both the flanks, vertebral column, hands, neck, palate, lips, forehead are found to be soaked in perspiration, are cold, show stiffness or absence of sensation, inflexibility, or are deficient of flesh or blood, then the physician should note that the person is nearing the end of his live and will die soon. The physician should similarly palpate separately ankles, knees, pelvis, anus, scrotum, penis, navel, nipples, rib cage, chin, nostrils, ears, eyes, eyebrows, temples to see if these are lax, broken, loosened, displaced from their normal position. If so then the physician should consider that the patient will face death in a short span of time.

english translation

tadvyAsato'nuvyAkhyAsyAmaH- tasya cet parimRzyamAnaM pRthaktvenapAdajaGghorusphigudarapArzvapRSTheSikApANigrIvAtAlvoSThalalATaM svinnaM zItaM stabdhaM dAruNaM vItamAMsazoNitaM vA syAt,parAsurayaM puruSo na cirAt kAlaM mariSyatIti vidyAt| tasya cet parimRzyamAnAni pRthaktvenagulphajAnuvaGkSaNagudavRSaNameDhranAbhyaMsastanamaNikaparzukAhanunAsikAkarNAkSibhrUzaGkhAdIni srastAni vyastAni cyutAnisthAnebhyaH skannAni vA syuH, parAsurayaM puruSo'cirAt kAlaM mariSyatIti vidyAt ||5||

hk transliteration