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Arthashastra

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हस्तिनो अश्वा रथाः पत्तयश् च अनुपृष्ठम् अप्रतिहतः ॥

The array in which elephants, horses, chariots and infantry stand in order one behind the other is called apratihata (invincible).

english translation

तेषां प्रदरं दृढकेन घातयेत्, दृढकम् असह्येन, श्येनं चापेन, प्रतिष्ठं सुप्रतिष्ठेन, संजयं विजयेन, स्थूण आकर्णं विशाल विजयेन, पारिपतन्तकं सर्वतो भद्रेण ॥

Of these, the conqueror should assail the pradara by means of the dridhaka; dridhaka by means of the asahya; syena (eagle-like array) by means of chápa (an array like a bow); a hold by means of a strong-hold; sanjaya by means of vijaya; sthúlakarna by means of visálavijaya; váripatantaka by means of sarvatobhadra. He may assail all kinds of arrays by means of the durjaya.

english translation

दुर्जयेन सर्वान् प्रतिव्यूहेत ॥

He may counter-deploy against all of these arrays by means of the unconquerable one .

english translation

पत्त्य् अश्व रथ द्विपानां पूर्वं पूर्वम् उत्तरेण घातयेत्, हीन अङ्गम् अधिक अङ्गेन च इति ॥

Of infantry, cavalry, chariots and elephants, he should strike the first-mentioned with that which is subsequently mentioned; and a small constituent of the army with a big one.

english translation

अङ्ग दशकस्य एकः पतिः पतिकः, पतिक दशकस्य एकः सेना पतिः, तद् दशकस्य एको नायक इति ॥

For every ten members of each of the constituents of the army, there must be one commander, called padika; ten padikas under a senápati; ten senápatis under a náyaka, (leader).

english translation