Arthashastra
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चतुर्णाम् उद्धानकः काकपदी वा ॥
when four divisions, it is called udyánaka (park), or kákapadi (crow‟s foot).
english translation
caturNAm uddhAnakaH kAkapadI vA ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptत्रयाणाम् अर्ध चन्द्रकः कर्कटक शृङ्गी वा ॥
when three divisions, it is called ardhachandrika (halfmoon), or karkátakasringi (?)--these are the varieties of the array in detached-order.
english translation
trayANAm ardha candrakaH karkaTaka zRGgI vA ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptइत्य् असंहत व्यूहाः ॥
Thus, ॥ these are॥ loose arrays.
english translation
ity asaMhata vyUhAH ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptरथ उरस्यो हस्ति कक्षो अश्व पृष्ठो अरिष्टः ॥
The array in which chariots form the front, elephants the wings, and horses the rear, is called arishta (auspicious).
english translation
ratha urasyo hasti kakSo azva pRSTho ariSTaH ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptपत्तयो अश्वा रथा हस्तिनश् च अनुपृष्ठम् अचलः ॥
The array in which infantry, cavalry, chariots and elephants stand one behind the other is called achala (immovable).
english translation
pattayo azvA rathA hastinaz ca anupRSTham acalaH ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscript