Arthashastra
Progress:95.3%
समाहर्ता चतुर्धा जन अप्दं विभज्य ज्येष्ठ मध्यम कनिष्ठ विभागेन ग्राम अग्रं परिहारकम् आयुधीयं धान्य पशु हिरण्य कुप्य विष्टि प्रतिकरम् इदम् एतावद् इति निबन्धयेत् ॥
HAVING divided the kingdom (janapada) into four districts, and having also subdivided the villages (gráma) as of first, middle and lowest rank, he shall bring them under one or another of the following heads:---Villages that are exempted from taxation (pariháraka); those that supply soldiers (áyudhíya); those that pay their taxes in the form of grains, cattle, gold (hiranya), or raw material (kupya); and those that supply free labour (vishti), and dairy produce in lieu of taxes (karapratikara).
english translation
samAhartA caturdhA jana apdaM vibhajya jyeSTha madhyama kaniSTha vibhAgena grAma agraM parihArakam AyudhIyaM dhAnya pazu hiraNya kupya viSTi pratikaram idam etAvad iti nibandhayet ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptतत् प्रदिष्टः पञ्च ग्रामीं दश ग्रामीं वा गोपश् चिन्तयेत् ॥
It is the duty of Gopa, village accountant, to attend to the accounts of five or ten villages as ordered by the Collector-General.
english translation
tat pradiSTaH paJca grAmIM daza grAmIM vA gopaz cintayet ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptसीम अवरोधेन ग्राम अग्रम्, कृष्ट अकृष्ट स्थल केदार आराम षण्ड वाट वन वास्तु चैत्य देव गृह सेतु बन्ध श्मशान सत्त्र प्रपा पुण्य स्थान विवीत पथि सङ्ख्यानेन क्षेत्र अग्रम्, तेन सीम्नां क्षेत्राणां च करद अकरद सङ्ख्यानेन ॥
By setting up boundaries to villages, by numbering plots of grounds as cultivated, uncultivated, plains, wet lands, gardens, vegetable gardens, fences (váta), forests, altars, temples of gods, irrigation works, cremation grounds, feeding houses (sattra), places where water is freely supplied to travellers (prapá), places of pilgrimage, pasture grounds and roads, and thereby fixing the boundaries of various villages, of fields, of forests, and of roads, he shall register gifts, sales, charities, and remission of taxes regarding fields.
english translation
sIma avarodhena grAma agram, kRSTa akRSTa sthala kedAra ArAma SaNDa vATa vana vAstu caitya deva gRha setu bandha zmazAna sattra prapA puNya sthAna vivIta pathi saGkhyAnena kSetra agram, tena sImnAM kSetrANAM ca karada akarada saGkhyAnena ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptतेषु च एतावच् चातुर् वार्ण्यम्, एतावन्तः कर्षक गो रक्षक वैदेहक कारु कर्म कर दासाश् च, एतावच् च द्वि पद चतुष् पदम्, इदं च एषु हिरण्यल्विष्टि शुल्क दण्डं समुत्तिष्ठति इति ॥
Also having numbered the houses as taxpaying or non-taxpaying, he shall not only register the total number of the inhabitants of all the four castes in each village, but also keep an account of the exact number of cultivators, cow-herds, merchants, artizans, labourers, slaves, and biped and quadruped animals, fixing at the same time the amount of gold, free labour, toll, and fines that can be collected from it (each house).
english translation
teSu ca etAvac cAtur vArNyam, etAvantaH karSaka go rakSaka vaidehaka kAru karma kara dAsAz ca, etAvac ca dvi pada catuS padam, idaM ca eSu hiraNyalviSTi zulka daNDaM samuttiSThati iti ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptकुलानां च स्त्री पुरुषाणां बाल वृद्ध कर्म चरित्र आजीव व्यय परिमाणं विद्यात् ॥
He shall also keep an account of the number of young and old men that reside in each house, their history (charitra), occupation (ájíva), income (áya), and expenditure (vyaya).
english translation
kulAnAM ca strI puruSANAM bAla vRddha karma caritra AjIva vyaya parimANaM vidyAt ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscript1.
जन पद निवेश
Formation Of Villages
2.
बंजर भूमिका उपयोग
Disposal of agricultural land
3.
किलों का निर्माण
Construction Of Forts
4.
दुर्ग (किले) बनाने का विधान
Buildings Within The Fort
5.
राजकीय वस्तु
The Duties Of The Chamberlain
6.
समाहर्ता (कलक्टर) के कार्य
The Business Of Collection Of Revenue By The Collector-General
7.
लेखा कार्यालय में खातों को बनाए रखने का काम
The Business Of Keeping Up Accounts In The Office Of Accountants
8.
आय-व्यय का स्थान
Detection Of What Is Embezzled By Government Servants Out Of State Revenue
9.
छोटे २ कर्मचारियों पर अध्यक्ष
Examination Of The Conduct Of Government Servants
10.
शासनाधिकार
Governance
11.
कोश में प्रवेश करने योग्य रत्नों की परीक्षा
Examination Of Gems That Are To Be Entered Into The Treasury
12.
खानों का वर्णन
Conducting Mining Operations And Manufacture
13.
सुवर्णाध्यक्ष का कार्य
Superintendent Of Gold In The Goldsmith's Office
14.
सराफे के बाजार का प्रबंध
Management of the goldsmith's market
15.
कोष्ठागाराध्यक्ष
The Superintendent Of Storehouse
16.
पण्याध्यक्ष
The Superintendent Of Storehouse
17.
कुप्याध्यक्ष
The Superintendent Of Forest Produce
18.
आयुधागाराध्यक्ष
The Superintendent Of The Armoury
19.
तोल माप का संशोधन पौत्वाध्यक्ष
The Superintendent Of Weights And Measures
20.
देश और काल का परिमाण
Measurement Of Country And Time
21.
शुल्काध्यक्ष
The Superintendent Of Tolls
22.
टोल-शुल्क का विनियमन
Regulation Of Toll-Dues
23.
सूत्राध्यक्ष
Superintendent Of Weaving
24.
सीताध्यक्ष
The Superintendent Of Agriculture
25.
सुराध्यक्ष
The Superintendent Of Liquor
26.
सूनाध्यक्ष
The Superintendent Of Slaughter-House
27.
गणिकाध्यक्ष
The Superintendent Of Prostitutes
28.
नात्राध्यक्ष
The Superintendent Of Ships
29.
गोऽध्यक्ष
The Superintendent Of Cows
30.
अश्वाध्यत
The Superintendent Of Horses
31.
हम्त्यध्यक्ष
The Superintendent Of Elephants
32.
महावत
Training Of Elephants
33.
रथ, पैदल सेनाध्यक्ष
The Superintendent Of Chariots; The Superintendent Of Infantry And The Duty Of The Commander-In-Chief
34.
मुद्राध्यक्ष
The Superintendent Of Passports
समाहर्ता
The Duty Of Revenue-Collectors; Spies In The Guise Of Householders, Merchants And Ascetics
36.
नागरिक
The Duty Of A City Superintendent
Progress:95.3%
समाहर्ता चतुर्धा जन अप्दं विभज्य ज्येष्ठ मध्यम कनिष्ठ विभागेन ग्राम अग्रं परिहारकम् आयुधीयं धान्य पशु हिरण्य कुप्य विष्टि प्रतिकरम् इदम् एतावद् इति निबन्धयेत् ॥
HAVING divided the kingdom (janapada) into four districts, and having also subdivided the villages (gráma) as of first, middle and lowest rank, he shall bring them under one or another of the following heads:---Villages that are exempted from taxation (pariháraka); those that supply soldiers (áyudhíya); those that pay their taxes in the form of grains, cattle, gold (hiranya), or raw material (kupya); and those that supply free labour (vishti), and dairy produce in lieu of taxes (karapratikara).
english translation
samAhartA caturdhA jana apdaM vibhajya jyeSTha madhyama kaniSTha vibhAgena grAma agraM parihArakam AyudhIyaM dhAnya pazu hiraNya kupya viSTi pratikaram idam etAvad iti nibandhayet ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptतत् प्रदिष्टः पञ्च ग्रामीं दश ग्रामीं वा गोपश् चिन्तयेत् ॥
It is the duty of Gopa, village accountant, to attend to the accounts of five or ten villages as ordered by the Collector-General.
english translation
tat pradiSTaH paJca grAmIM daza grAmIM vA gopaz cintayet ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptसीम अवरोधेन ग्राम अग्रम्, कृष्ट अकृष्ट स्थल केदार आराम षण्ड वाट वन वास्तु चैत्य देव गृह सेतु बन्ध श्मशान सत्त्र प्रपा पुण्य स्थान विवीत पथि सङ्ख्यानेन क्षेत्र अग्रम्, तेन सीम्नां क्षेत्राणां च करद अकरद सङ्ख्यानेन ॥
By setting up boundaries to villages, by numbering plots of grounds as cultivated, uncultivated, plains, wet lands, gardens, vegetable gardens, fences (váta), forests, altars, temples of gods, irrigation works, cremation grounds, feeding houses (sattra), places where water is freely supplied to travellers (prapá), places of pilgrimage, pasture grounds and roads, and thereby fixing the boundaries of various villages, of fields, of forests, and of roads, he shall register gifts, sales, charities, and remission of taxes regarding fields.
english translation
sIma avarodhena grAma agram, kRSTa akRSTa sthala kedAra ArAma SaNDa vATa vana vAstu caitya deva gRha setu bandha zmazAna sattra prapA puNya sthAna vivIta pathi saGkhyAnena kSetra agram, tena sImnAM kSetrANAM ca karada akarada saGkhyAnena ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptतेषु च एतावच् चातुर् वार्ण्यम्, एतावन्तः कर्षक गो रक्षक वैदेहक कारु कर्म कर दासाश् च, एतावच् च द्वि पद चतुष् पदम्, इदं च एषु हिरण्यल्विष्टि शुल्क दण्डं समुत्तिष्ठति इति ॥
Also having numbered the houses as taxpaying or non-taxpaying, he shall not only register the total number of the inhabitants of all the four castes in each village, but also keep an account of the exact number of cultivators, cow-herds, merchants, artizans, labourers, slaves, and biped and quadruped animals, fixing at the same time the amount of gold, free labour, toll, and fines that can be collected from it (each house).
english translation
teSu ca etAvac cAtur vArNyam, etAvantaH karSaka go rakSaka vaidehaka kAru karma kara dAsAz ca, etAvac ca dvi pada catuS padam, idaM ca eSu hiraNyalviSTi zulka daNDaM samuttiSThati iti ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptकुलानां च स्त्री पुरुषाणां बाल वृद्ध कर्म चरित्र आजीव व्यय परिमाणं विद्यात् ॥
He shall also keep an account of the number of young and old men that reside in each house, their history (charitra), occupation (ájíva), income (áya), and expenditure (vyaya).
english translation
kulAnAM ca strI puruSANAM bAla vRddha karma caritra AjIva vyaya parimANaM vidyAt ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscript