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Arthashastra

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एवं च जन पद चतुर् भागं स्थानिकश् चिन्तयेत् ॥

Likewise Sthánika, district officer, shall attend to the accounts of one quarter of the kingdom.

english translation

गोप स्थानिक स्थानेषु प्रदेष्टारः कार्य करणं बलि प्रग्रहं च कुर्युः ॥

In those places which are under the jurisdiction of Gopa and Sthánika, commissioners (prodeshtárah) specially deputed by the Collector-general shall not only inspect the work done and the means employed by the village and district officers, but also collect the special religious tax known as bali (balipragraham kuryuh).

english translation

समाहर्तृ प्रदिष्टाश् च गृह पतिक व्यञ्जना येषु ग्रामेषु प्रणिहितास् तेषां ग्रामाणां क्षेत्र गृह कुल अग्रं विद्युः, मान संजाताभ्यां क्षेत्राणि भोग परिहाराभ्यां गृहाणि वर्ण कर्मभ्यां कुलानि च ॥

Spies under the disguise of householders (grihapatika, cultivators) who shall be deputed by the collector-general for espionage shall ascertain the validity of the accounts (of the village and district officers) regarding the fields, houses and families of each village---the area and output of produce regarding fields, right of ownership and remission of taxes with regard to houses, and the caste and profession regarding families.

english translation

तेषां जङ्घ अग्रम् आय व्ययौ च विद्युः ॥

They shall also ascertain the total number of men and beasts (janghágra) as well as the amount of income and expenditure of each family.

english translation

प्रस्थित आगतानां च प्रवास आवास कारणम्, अनर्थ्यानां च स्त्री पुरुषाणां चार प्रचारं च विद्युः ॥

They shall also find out the causes of emigration and immigration of persons of migratory habit, the arrival and departure of men and women of condemnable (anarthya) character, as well as the movements of (foreign) spies.

english translation