Arthashastra
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अङ्कं चिह्नं वर्णं शृङ्ग अन्तरं च लक्षणम् एवम् उपजा निबन्धयेत् । इति व्रज पर्यग्रम् ॥
and when he registers the branded marks, natural marks, colour and the distance from one horn to another of each of the cattle, that system is known as „class of herds.‟
english translation
aGkaM cihnaM varNaM zRGga antaraM ca lakSaNam evam upajA nibandhayet । iti vraja paryagram ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptचोर हृतम् अन्य यूथ प्रविष्टम् अवलीनं वा नष्टम् ॥
When an animal is carried off by thieves or finds itself into the herds of others or strays unknown, it is called „lost.‟
english translation
cora hRtam anya yUtha praviSTam avalInaM vA naSTam ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptपङ्क विषम व्याधि जरा तोय आहार अवसन्नं वृक्ष तट काष्ठ शिला अभिहतम् ईशान व्याल सर्प ग्राह दाव अग्नि विपन्नं विनष्टम् ॥
When an animal is entangled in a quagmire or precipice or dies of disease or of old age, or drowned in water: or when it is killed by the fall of a tree or of river bank, or is beaten to death with a staff or stone, or is struck by lightening (ísána), or is devoured by a tiger or bitten by a cobra, or is carried off by a crocodile, or is involved in the midst of a forest fire, it is termed as “irrecoverably lost.”
english translation
paGka viSama vyAdhi jarA toya AhAra avasannaM vRkSa taTa kASTha zilA abhihatam IzAna vyAla sarpa grAha dAva agni vipannaM vinaSTam ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptप्रमादाद् अभ्यावहेयुः ॥
They would bring about through carelessness.
english translation
pramAdAd abhyAvaheyuH ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptएवं रूप अग्रं विद्यात् ॥
Thus one should discern the foremost form.
english translation
evaM rUpa agraM vidyAt ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscript