Arthashastra

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गो अध्यक्षो वेतन उपग्राहिकं कर प्रतिकरं भग्न उत्सृष्टकं भाग अनुप्रविष्टकं व्रज पर्यग्रं नष्टं विनष्टं क्षीर घृत संजातं च उपलभेत ॥

THE Superintendent of cows shall supervise (1) herds maintained for wages (vétanópagráhikam), (2) herds surrendered for a fixed amount of dairy produce (karapratikara), (3) useless and abandoned herds (bhagnotsrishtakam), (4) herds maintained for a share in dairy produce (bhágánupravishtam), (5) classes of herds (vrajaparyagram), (6) cattle that strayed (nashtam), (7) cattle that are irrecoverably lost (vinashtam), and (8) the amassed quantity of milk and clarified butter.

english translation

go adhyakSo vetana upagrAhikaM kara pratikaraM bhagna utsRSTakaM bhAga anupraviSTakaM vraja paryagraM naSTaM vinaSTaM kSIra ghRta saMjAtaM ca upalabheta ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

गो पालक पिण्डारक दोहक मन्थक लुब्धकाः शतं शतं धेनूनां हिरण्य भृताः पालयेयुः ॥

When a cowherd, a buffalo-herdsman, a milker, a churner, and a hunter (lubdhaka) fed by wages graze milch cows (dhenu) in hundreds (satam satam).

english translation

go pAlaka piNDAraka dohaka manthaka lubdhakAH zataM zataM dhenUnAM hiraNya bhRtAH pAlayeyuH ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

क्षीर घृत भृता हि वत्सान् उपहन्युः । इति वेतन उपग्राहिकम् ॥

-for if they graze the herds for the profit of milk and ghi, they will starve the calves to death. ,--that system of rearing the cattle is termed „herds maintained for wages.‟

english translation

kSIra ghRta bhRtA hi vatsAn upahanyuH । iti vetana upagrAhikam ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

जरद्गु धेनु गर्भिणी पष्ठौही वत्सतरीणां सम विभागं रूप शतम् एकः पालयेत् ॥

When a single person rears a hundred heads (rúpasatam) made up of equal numbers of each of aged cows, milch cows, pregnant cows, heifers, and calves (vatsatari).

english translation

jaradgu dhenu garbhiNI paSThauhI vatsatarINAM sama vibhAgaM rUpa zatam ekaH pAlayet ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

घृतस्य अष्टौ वारकान् पणिकं पुच्छम् अङ्क चर्म च वार्षिकं दद्यात् । इति कर प्रतिकरः ॥

and gives (to the owner) 8 várakas of clarified butter per annum, as well as the branded skin (of dead cows if any), that system is called „herds surrendered for a fixed amount of dairy produce.‟

english translation

ghRtasya aSTau vArakAn paNikaM puccham aGka carma ca vArSikaM dadyAt । iti kara pratikaraH ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript