Charak Samhita

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/21

तत्र भिषजा पृष्टेनैवं चतुर्णामृक्सामयजुरथर्ववेदानामात्मनोऽथर्ववेदे भक्तिरादेश्या, वेदो ह्याथर्वणोदानस्वस्त्ययनबलिमङ्गलहोमनियमप्रायश्चित्तोपवासमन्त्रादिपरिग्रहाच्चिकित्सां प्राह; चिकित्सा चायुषो हितायोपदिश्यते ||२१||

sanskrit

[Source of Ayurveda] Out of the four veda – The Rigveda, Yajurvedas, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda. The physicians owe their loyalty to the Atharva Veda because this deals with the treatment of diseases by resorting to various practices like sacrifices, prayers, and chants, charity, moral discipline, the atonement of sins, austere practices like fasts, etc. These are advocated for treatment as well as for living a healthy, long life.

english translation

tatra bhiSajA pRSTenaivaM caturNAmRksAmayajuratharvavedAnAmAtmano'tharvavede bhaktirAdezyA, vedo hyAtharvaNodAnasvastyayanabalimaGgalahomaniyamaprAyazcittopavAsamantrAdiparigrahAccikitsAM prAha; cikitsA cAyuSo hitAyopadizyate ||21||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/22

वेदं चोपदिश्यायुर्वाच्यं; तत्रायुश्चेतनानुवृत्तिर्जीवितमनुबन्धो धारि चेत्येकोऽर्थः ||२२||

sanskrit

[The meaning of Ayu] After answering question on Veda, Ayu is being described. Ayu means the anuvritti (continuity) of chetana (consciousness) i.e., chetananuvritti, being alive (jeevita), bonding with the body (anubandha) and preserving vitality (dhari).

english translation

vedaM copadizyAyurvAcyaM; tatrAyuzcetanAnuvRttirjIvitamanubandho dhAri cetyeko'rthaH ||22||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/23

तदायुर्वेदयतीत्यायुर्वेदः; कथमिति चेत्? उच्यते-स्वलक्षणतः सुखासुखतो हिताहिततः प्रमाणाप्रमाणतश्च;यतश्चायुष्याण्यनायुष्याणि च द्रव्यगुणकर्माणि वेदयत्यतोऽप्यायुर्वेदः| तत्रायुष्याण्यनायुष्याणि च द्रव्यगुणकर्माणि केवलेनोपदेक्ष्यन्ते तन्त्रेण ||२३||

sanskrit

[Scope of Ayurveda] Ayurveda is that source of knowledge which teaches about or deals with Ayu. How so? By its characteristics, it imparts the knowledge of joy and suffering, benefit and harm, and authentic/authoritative and unauthentic/unreliable (sources of information). It is also that which informs us about the span of life and substances with properties and actions that result in the same. This will be dealt with in the entire text at various appropriate contexts.

english translation

tadAyurvedayatItyAyurvedaH; kathamiti cet? ucyate-svalakSaNataH sukhAsukhato hitAhitataH pramANApramANatazca;yatazcAyuSyANyanAyuSyANi ca dravyaguNakarmANi vedayatyato'pyAyurvedaH| tatrAyuSyANyanAyuSyANi ca dravyaguNakarmANi kevalenopadekSyante tantreNa ||23||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/24

तत्रायुरुक्तं स्वलक्षणतो यथावदिहैव पूर्वाध्याये च| तत्र शारीरमानसाभ्यां रोगाभ्यामनभिद्रुतस्य विशेषेण यौवनवतः समर्थानुगतबलवीर्ययशःपौरुषपराक्रमस्यज्ञानविज्ञानेन्द्रियेन्द्रियार्थबलसमुदये वर्तमानस्य परमर्द्धिरुचिरविविधोपभोगस्य समृद्धसर्वारम्भस्य यथेष्टविचारिणःसुखमायुरुच्यते; असुखमतो विपर्ययेण; हितैषिणः पुनर्भूतानां परस्वादुपरतस्य सत्यवादिनः शमपरस्य परीक्ष्यकारिणोऽप्रमत्तस्य त्रिवर्गं परस्परेणानुपहतमुपसेवमानस्य पूजार्हसम्पूजकस्य ज्ञानविज्ञानोपशमशीलस्य वृद्धोपसेविनःसुनियतरागरोषेर्ष्यामदमानवेगस्य सततं विविधप्रदानपरस्य तपोज्ञानप्रशमनित्यस्याध्यात्मविदस्तत्परस्य लोकमिमं चामुंचावेक्षमाणस्य स्मृतिमतिमतो हितमायुरुच्यते; अहितमतो विपर्ययेण ||२४||

sanskrit

[Characteristics of happy and healthy life] In this chapter, as in the first chapter of Sutra Sthana, a definition of life has been given in the form of Ayu. People whose body and mind are disease-free, and those who are endowed with youth, enthusiasm, strength, virility, reputation, manliness, courage, knowledge of arts and sciences, healthy senses, objects of sensory perceptions, ability of the sensory organs, riches and various luxurious articles for enjoyment, and who can achieve whatever they want and roam as they please are said to lead a happy life. Those who are the well-wishers of all beings, who do not desire the wealth of others, who are truthful, peace loving, who are thoughtful before taking action, who are vigilant, who experience the three important objectives of life (righteousness, wealth and desire) without one affecting the other, who respect superiors, who are endowed with the knowledge of arts, sciences and tranquility, who serve the elders, who have full control over lust, anger, envy, arrogance and pride, who constantly indulge in various types of charity, meditation, acquisition of knowledge and quiet life (solitude), who have full spiritual knowledge and are devoted to it, who work both for the present as well as for the next life, and are endowed with memory and intelligence lead a useful rather beneficial life, while others don't.

english translation

tatrAyuruktaM svalakSaNato yathAvadihaiva pUrvAdhyAye ca| tatra zArIramAnasAbhyAM rogAbhyAmanabhidrutasya vizeSeNa yauvanavataH samarthAnugatabalavIryayazaHpauruSaparAkramasyajJAnavijJAnendriyendriyArthabalasamudaye vartamAnasya paramarddhiruciravividhopabhogasya samRddhasarvArambhasya yatheSTavicAriNaHsukhamAyurucyate; asukhamato viparyayeNa; hitaiSiNaH punarbhUtAnAM parasvAduparatasya satyavAdinaH zamaparasya parIkSyakAriNo'pramattasya trivargaM paraspareNAnupahatamupasevamAnasya pUjArhasampUjakasya jJAnavijJAnopazamazIlasya vRddhopasevinaHsuniyatarAgaroSerSyAmadamAnavegasya satataM vividhapradAnaparasya tapojJAnaprazamanityasyAdhyAtmavidastatparasya lokamimaM cAmuMcAvekSamANasya smRtimatimato hitamAyurucyate; ahitamato viparyayeNa ||24||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/25

प्रमाणमायुषस्त्वर्थेन्द्रियमनोबुद्धिचेष्टादीनां विकृतिलक्षणैरुपलभ्यतेऽनिमित्तैः, अयमस्मात् क्षणान्मुहूर्ताद्दिवसात्त्रिपञ्चसप्तदशद्वादशाहात् पक्षान्मासात् षण्मासात् संवत्सराद्वा स्वभावमापत्स्यत इति; तत्र स्वभावः प्रवृत्तेरुपरमोमरणमनित्यता निरोध इत्येकोऽर्थः; इत्यायुषः प्रमाणम्; अतो विपरीतमप्रमाणमरिष्टाधिकारे; देहप्रकृतिलक्षणमधिकृत्यचोपदिष्टमायुषः प्रमाणमायुर्वेदे ||२५||

sanskrit

[Signs of decreasing life span] The decrease of lifespan is signaled by various abnormal changes in the sensory perception, in the objects of perception, in mind, in the intellect, and in movement. These signals help in predicting the death of an individual at a particular moment or time or day, after three days, five days, a week or ten days and after a fortnight, a month, six months or a year. Return to the natural state (svabhava), cessation of all activities(pravritti uparama), death(marana), temporary state(anityata), restriction in the continuation of life (nirodha)- all these are synonymous with death. In the absence of such signs and symptoms, the life span is to be determined as unlimited from the prognostic point of view. In Ayurveda, life span is determined by characteristics of natural constitution.

english translation

pramANamAyuSastvarthendriyamanobuddhiceSTAdInAM vikRtilakSaNairupalabhyate'nimittaiH, ayamasmAt kSaNAnmuhUrtAddivasAttripaJcasaptadazadvAdazAhAt pakSAnmAsAt SaNmAsAt saMvatsarAdvA svabhAvamApatsyata iti; tatra svabhAvaH pravRtteruparamomaraNamanityatA nirodha ityeko'rthaH; ityAyuSaH pramANam; ato viparItamapramANamariSTAdhikAre; dehaprakRtilakSaNamadhikRtyacopadiSTamAyuSaH pramANamAyurvede ||25||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/21

तत्र भिषजा पृष्टेनैवं चतुर्णामृक्सामयजुरथर्ववेदानामात्मनोऽथर्ववेदे भक्तिरादेश्या, वेदो ह्याथर्वणोदानस्वस्त्ययनबलिमङ्गलहोमनियमप्रायश्चित्तोपवासमन्त्रादिपरिग्रहाच्चिकित्सां प्राह; चिकित्सा चायुषो हितायोपदिश्यते ||२१||

sanskrit

[Source of Ayurveda] Out of the four veda – The Rigveda, Yajurvedas, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda. The physicians owe their loyalty to the Atharva Veda because this deals with the treatment of diseases by resorting to various practices like sacrifices, prayers, and chants, charity, moral discipline, the atonement of sins, austere practices like fasts, etc. These are advocated for treatment as well as for living a healthy, long life.

english translation

tatra bhiSajA pRSTenaivaM caturNAmRksAmayajuratharvavedAnAmAtmano'tharvavede bhaktirAdezyA, vedo hyAtharvaNodAnasvastyayanabalimaGgalahomaniyamaprAyazcittopavAsamantrAdiparigrahAccikitsAM prAha; cikitsA cAyuSo hitAyopadizyate ||21||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/22

वेदं चोपदिश्यायुर्वाच्यं; तत्रायुश्चेतनानुवृत्तिर्जीवितमनुबन्धो धारि चेत्येकोऽर्थः ||२२||

sanskrit

[The meaning of Ayu] After answering question on Veda, Ayu is being described. Ayu means the anuvritti (continuity) of chetana (consciousness) i.e., chetananuvritti, being alive (jeevita), bonding with the body (anubandha) and preserving vitality (dhari).

english translation

vedaM copadizyAyurvAcyaM; tatrAyuzcetanAnuvRttirjIvitamanubandho dhAri cetyeko'rthaH ||22||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/23

तदायुर्वेदयतीत्यायुर्वेदः; कथमिति चेत्? उच्यते-स्वलक्षणतः सुखासुखतो हिताहिततः प्रमाणाप्रमाणतश्च;यतश्चायुष्याण्यनायुष्याणि च द्रव्यगुणकर्माणि वेदयत्यतोऽप्यायुर्वेदः| तत्रायुष्याण्यनायुष्याणि च द्रव्यगुणकर्माणि केवलेनोपदेक्ष्यन्ते तन्त्रेण ||२३||

sanskrit

[Scope of Ayurveda] Ayurveda is that source of knowledge which teaches about or deals with Ayu. How so? By its characteristics, it imparts the knowledge of joy and suffering, benefit and harm, and authentic/authoritative and unauthentic/unreliable (sources of information). It is also that which informs us about the span of life and substances with properties and actions that result in the same. This will be dealt with in the entire text at various appropriate contexts.

english translation

tadAyurvedayatItyAyurvedaH; kathamiti cet? ucyate-svalakSaNataH sukhAsukhato hitAhitataH pramANApramANatazca;yatazcAyuSyANyanAyuSyANi ca dravyaguNakarmANi vedayatyato'pyAyurvedaH| tatrAyuSyANyanAyuSyANi ca dravyaguNakarmANi kevalenopadekSyante tantreNa ||23||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/24

तत्रायुरुक्तं स्वलक्षणतो यथावदिहैव पूर्वाध्याये च| तत्र शारीरमानसाभ्यां रोगाभ्यामनभिद्रुतस्य विशेषेण यौवनवतः समर्थानुगतबलवीर्ययशःपौरुषपराक्रमस्यज्ञानविज्ञानेन्द्रियेन्द्रियार्थबलसमुदये वर्तमानस्य परमर्द्धिरुचिरविविधोपभोगस्य समृद्धसर्वारम्भस्य यथेष्टविचारिणःसुखमायुरुच्यते; असुखमतो विपर्ययेण; हितैषिणः पुनर्भूतानां परस्वादुपरतस्य सत्यवादिनः शमपरस्य परीक्ष्यकारिणोऽप्रमत्तस्य त्रिवर्गं परस्परेणानुपहतमुपसेवमानस्य पूजार्हसम्पूजकस्य ज्ञानविज्ञानोपशमशीलस्य वृद्धोपसेविनःसुनियतरागरोषेर्ष्यामदमानवेगस्य सततं विविधप्रदानपरस्य तपोज्ञानप्रशमनित्यस्याध्यात्मविदस्तत्परस्य लोकमिमं चामुंचावेक्षमाणस्य स्मृतिमतिमतो हितमायुरुच्यते; अहितमतो विपर्ययेण ||२४||

sanskrit

[Characteristics of happy and healthy life] In this chapter, as in the first chapter of Sutra Sthana, a definition of life has been given in the form of Ayu. People whose body and mind are disease-free, and those who are endowed with youth, enthusiasm, strength, virility, reputation, manliness, courage, knowledge of arts and sciences, healthy senses, objects of sensory perceptions, ability of the sensory organs, riches and various luxurious articles for enjoyment, and who can achieve whatever they want and roam as they please are said to lead a happy life. Those who are the well-wishers of all beings, who do not desire the wealth of others, who are truthful, peace loving, who are thoughtful before taking action, who are vigilant, who experience the three important objectives of life (righteousness, wealth and desire) without one affecting the other, who respect superiors, who are endowed with the knowledge of arts, sciences and tranquility, who serve the elders, who have full control over lust, anger, envy, arrogance and pride, who constantly indulge in various types of charity, meditation, acquisition of knowledge and quiet life (solitude), who have full spiritual knowledge and are devoted to it, who work both for the present as well as for the next life, and are endowed with memory and intelligence lead a useful rather beneficial life, while others don't.

english translation

tatrAyuruktaM svalakSaNato yathAvadihaiva pUrvAdhyAye ca| tatra zArIramAnasAbhyAM rogAbhyAmanabhidrutasya vizeSeNa yauvanavataH samarthAnugatabalavIryayazaHpauruSaparAkramasyajJAnavijJAnendriyendriyArthabalasamudaye vartamAnasya paramarddhiruciravividhopabhogasya samRddhasarvArambhasya yatheSTavicAriNaHsukhamAyurucyate; asukhamato viparyayeNa; hitaiSiNaH punarbhUtAnAM parasvAduparatasya satyavAdinaH zamaparasya parIkSyakAriNo'pramattasya trivargaM paraspareNAnupahatamupasevamAnasya pUjArhasampUjakasya jJAnavijJAnopazamazIlasya vRddhopasevinaHsuniyatarAgaroSerSyAmadamAnavegasya satataM vividhapradAnaparasya tapojJAnaprazamanityasyAdhyAtmavidastatparasya lokamimaM cAmuMcAvekSamANasya smRtimatimato hitamAyurucyate; ahitamato viparyayeNa ||24||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/25

प्रमाणमायुषस्त्वर्थेन्द्रियमनोबुद्धिचेष्टादीनां विकृतिलक्षणैरुपलभ्यतेऽनिमित्तैः, अयमस्मात् क्षणान्मुहूर्ताद्दिवसात्त्रिपञ्चसप्तदशद्वादशाहात् पक्षान्मासात् षण्मासात् संवत्सराद्वा स्वभावमापत्स्यत इति; तत्र स्वभावः प्रवृत्तेरुपरमोमरणमनित्यता निरोध इत्येकोऽर्थः; इत्यायुषः प्रमाणम्; अतो विपरीतमप्रमाणमरिष्टाधिकारे; देहप्रकृतिलक्षणमधिकृत्यचोपदिष्टमायुषः प्रमाणमायुर्वेदे ||२५||

sanskrit

[Signs of decreasing life span] The decrease of lifespan is signaled by various abnormal changes in the sensory perception, in the objects of perception, in mind, in the intellect, and in movement. These signals help in predicting the death of an individual at a particular moment or time or day, after three days, five days, a week or ten days and after a fortnight, a month, six months or a year. Return to the natural state (svabhava), cessation of all activities(pravritti uparama), death(marana), temporary state(anityata), restriction in the continuation of life (nirodha)- all these are synonymous with death. In the absence of such signs and symptoms, the life span is to be determined as unlimited from the prognostic point of view. In Ayurveda, life span is determined by characteristics of natural constitution.

english translation

pramANamAyuSastvarthendriyamanobuddhiceSTAdInAM vikRtilakSaNairupalabhyate'nimittaiH, ayamasmAt kSaNAnmuhUrtAddivasAttripaJcasaptadazadvAdazAhAt pakSAnmAsAt SaNmAsAt saMvatsarAdvA svabhAvamApatsyata iti; tatra svabhAvaH pravRtteruparamomaraNamanityatA nirodha ityeko'rthaH; ityAyuSaH pramANam; ato viparItamapramANamariSTAdhikAre; dehaprakRtilakSaNamadhikRtyacopadiSTamAyuSaH pramANamAyurvede ||25||

hk transliteration