Charak Samhita

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/26

प्रयोजनं चास्य स्वस्थस्य स्वास्थ्यरक्षणमातुरस्य विकारप्रशमनं च ||२६||

sanskrit

[Objectives of Ayurveda] The purpose of this science is to preserve the health of the healthy and cure the disease of the unhealthy.

english translation

prayojanaM cAsya svasthasya svAsthyarakSaNamAturasya vikAraprazamanaM ca ||26||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/27

सोऽयमायुर्वेदः शाश्वतो निर्दिश्यते, अनादित्वात्, स्वभावसंसिद्धलक्षणत्वात्, भावस्वभावनित्यत्वाच्च| न हि नाभूत् कदाचिदायुषः सन्तानो बुद्धिसन्तानो वा, शाश्वतश्चायुषो वेदिता, अनादि च सुखदुःखंसद्रव्यहेतुलक्षणमपरापरयोगात्| एष चार्थसङ्ग्रहो विभाव्यते आयुर्वेदलक्षणमिति| गुरुलघुशीतोष्णस्निग्धरूक्षादीनां द्रव्याणां सामान्यविशेषाभ्यां वृद्धिह्रासौ, यथोक्तं- गुरुभिरभ्यस्यमानैर्गुरूणामुपचयोभवत्यपचयो लघूनां, एवमेवेतरेषामिति, एष भावस्वभावो नित्यः, स्वलक्षणं च द्रव्याणां पृथिव्यादीनां; सन्ति तु द्रव्याणिगुणाश्च नित्यानित्याः| न ह्यायुर्वेदस्याभूत्वोत्पत्तिरुपलभ्यते, अन्यत्रावबोधोपदेशाभ्याम्; एतद्वै द्वयमधिकृत्योत्पत्तिमुपदिशन्त्येके| स्वाभाविकं चास्य लक्षणमकृतकं, यदुक्तमिहाद्येऽध्याये च; यथा- अग्नेरौष्ण्यम्, अपां द्रवत्वम्| भावस्वभावनित्यत्वमपि चास्य, यथोक्तं- गुरुभिरभ्यस्यमानैर्गुरूणामुपचयो भवत्यपचयो लघूनामिति ||२७||

sanskrit

[Eternal qualities of Ayurveda] Ayurveda is eternal because of the following: It has no beginning; its characteristics are self-evident, and those of things dealt with it are eternal. It has been seen that Ayu (the combination of body, its organs, mind, and soul) and intelligence about Ayu (knowledge about Ayu) are perpetual. Hence Ayu and its knowledge (i.e. Ayurveda) have been eternal. The knower becomes eternal after knowing Ayurveda. Concepts such as happiness and suffering (i.e., health and illness), therapeutics and pathogens, etc. - their causes, signs, and perpetuation are all eternal. This is what is described in Ayurveda. Substances, having properties such as heaviness, lightness, cold, heat, slimy, non-slimy, etc., when combined with other substances, tend to increase by similar properties and decrease by opposite properties. For example, habitual intake of heavy food/drugs increases heaviness and decreases lightness in the body. This is similar to others too. The characteristic of these substances or phenomena is eternal. The characteristics of prithvi etc. are eternal. However, matters and their attributes are both eternal and temporary. Theories that claim “Ayurveda came into existence after its creation” or “Ayurveda was conceived by someone and taught to his students” are false. But based on these statements, some scholars opine that Ayurveda had a beginning. (These characteristics, described in this chapter as well as in the first chapter of Sutra Sthana (i.e., Sutra Sthana 1:42, and 30:23) are innate to Ayurveda and are not fabrications.) Just like the heat of the fire and the liquidity of water, Ayurveda’s phenomena are eternal, e.g. habitual intake of heavy things increases the heaviness and decreases the lightness in the body.

english translation

so'yamAyurvedaH zAzvato nirdizyate, anAditvAt, svabhAvasaMsiddhalakSaNatvAt, bhAvasvabhAvanityatvAcca| na hi nAbhUt kadAcidAyuSaH santAno buddhisantAno vA, zAzvatazcAyuSo veditA, anAdi ca sukhaduHkhaMsadravyahetulakSaNamaparAparayogAt| eSa cArthasaGgraho vibhAvyate AyurvedalakSaNamiti| gurulaghuzItoSNasnigdharUkSAdInAM dravyANAM sAmAnyavizeSAbhyAM vRddhihrAsau, yathoktaM- gurubhirabhyasyamAnairgurUNAmupacayobhavatyapacayo laghUnAM, evamevetareSAmiti, eSa bhAvasvabhAvo nityaH, svalakSaNaM ca dravyANAM pRthivyAdInAM; santi tu dravyANiguNAzca nityAnityAH| na hyAyurvedasyAbhUtvotpattirupalabhyate, anyatrAvabodhopadezAbhyAm; etadvai dvayamadhikRtyotpattimupadizantyeke| svAbhAvikaM cAsya lakSaNamakRtakaM, yaduktamihAdye'dhyAye ca; yathA- agnerauSNyam, apAM dravatvam| bhAvasvabhAvanityatvamapi cAsya, yathoktaM- gurubhirabhyasyamAnairgurUNAmupacayo bhavatyapacayo laghUnAmiti ||27||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/28

तस्यायुर्वेदस्याङ्गान्यष्टौ; तद्यथा- कायचिकित्सा, शालाक्यं, शल्यापहर्तृकं, विषगरवैरोधिकप्रशमनं, भूतविद्या,कौमारभृत्यकं, रसायनं, वाजीकरणमिति ||२८||

sanskrit

[Eight branches of Ayurveda] Ayurveda has eight branches viz., 1. Internal Medicine, 2. The science is of diseases specific to the supra-clavicular region, i.e., Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) + Ophthalmology 3. Surgery, 4. Toxicology, 5. Psychiatry 6. Pediatrics, 7. The science of rejuvenation and 8. The science of sexual medicine.

english translation

tasyAyurvedasyAGgAnyaSTau; tadyathA- kAyacikitsA, zAlAkyaM, zalyApahartRkaM, viSagaravairodhikaprazamanaM, bhUtavidyA,kaumArabhRtyakaM, rasAyanaM, vAjIkaraNamiti ||28||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/29

स चाध्येतव्यो ब्राह्मणराजन्यवैश्यैः| तत्रानुग्रहार्थं प्राणिनां ब्राह्मणैः, आरक्षार्थं राजन्यैः, वृत्त्यर्थं वैश्यैः; सामान्यतो वा धर्मार्थकामपरिग्रहार्थं सर्वैः| तत्र यदध्यात्मविदां धर्मपथस्थानां धर्मप्रकाशकानां वा मातृपितृभ्रातृबन्धुगुरुजनस्य वा विकारप्रशमने प्रयत्नवान् भवति,यच्चायुर्वेदोक्तमध्यात्ममनुध्यायति वेदयत्यनुविधीयते वा, सोऽस्य परो धर्मः; या पुनरीश्वराणां वसुमतां वा सकाशात्सुखोपहारनिमित्ता भवत्यर्थावाप्तिरारक्षणं च, या च स्वपरिगृहीतानां प्राणिनामातुर्यादारक्षा, सोऽस्यार्थः; यत् पुनरस्यविद्वद्ग्रहणयशः [२] शरण्यत्वं च, या च सम्मानशुश्रूषा, यच्चेष्टानां विषयाणामारोग्यमाधत्ते सोऽस्य कामः| इति यथाप्रश्नमुक्तमशेषेण ||२९||

sanskrit

[Learners of Ayurveda and their objectives] Ayurveda should be studied by Brahmanas (for providing solace to all), Kings (for protecting his subjects), and Vaishyas or traders/business-people (for earning their livelihood). In general, Ayurveda can be studied by all for the attainment of righteousness, wealth, and desire. Righteousness can be attained by treating spiritual scholars who practice and propagate righteousness as a mother, father, a brother, a friend or as a superior. Righteousness can also be achieved by studying and practicing the spiritual knowledge contained in Ayurveda. One can earn wealth and protection by treating kings and other wealthy individuals. The practitioner of Ayurveda can also protect his subordinates and servants by his practice. He can fulfill his desires by gaining respect from the learned people for his abilities to protect others, by reputation, and by keeping his beloved ones like his spouse free from diseases. Thus, all the queries are answered in their entirety.

english translation

sa cAdhyetavyo brAhmaNarAjanyavaizyaiH| tatrAnugrahArthaM prANinAM brAhmaNaiH, ArakSArthaM rAjanyaiH, vRttyarthaM vaizyaiH; sAmAnyato vA dharmArthakAmaparigrahArthaM sarvaiH| tatra yadadhyAtmavidAM dharmapathasthAnAM dharmaprakAzakAnAM vA mAtRpitRbhrAtRbandhugurujanasya vA vikAraprazamane prayatnavAn bhavati,yaccAyurvedoktamadhyAtmamanudhyAyati vedayatyanuvidhIyate vA, so'sya paro dharmaH; yA punarIzvarANAM vasumatAM vA sakAzAtsukhopahAranimittA bhavatyarthAvAptirArakSaNaM ca, yA ca svaparigRhItAnAM prANinAmAturyAdArakSA, so'syArthaH; yat punarasyavidvadgrahaNayazaH [2] zaraNyatvaM ca, yA ca sammAnazuzrUSA, yacceSTAnAM viSayANAmArogyamAdhatte so'sya kAmaH| iti yathApraznamuktamazeSeNa ||29||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/30

अथ भिषगादित एव भिषजा प्रष्टव्योऽष्टविधं भवति- तन्त्रं, तन्त्रार्थान्, स्थानं, स्थानार्थान्, अध्यायम्, अध्यायार्थान्, प्रश्नं,प्रश्नार्थांश्चेति; पृष्टेन चैतद्वक्तव्यमशेषेण वाक्यशो वाक्यार्थशोऽर्थावयवशश्चेति ||३०||

sanskrit

[Eight segments to be learned in Ayurveda] A physician should ask other physicians eight questions (to learn Ayurveda): 1. classical text 2. object of text 3. section 4. object of section 5. chapter 6. object of the chapter 7. question/query 8. object of the query raised. Along these lines the query should be dealt by quoting the text, interpreting it and explanation of its various aspects.

english translation

atha bhiSagAdita eva bhiSajA praSTavyo'STavidhaM bhavati- tantraM, tantrArthAn, sthAnaM, sthAnArthAn, adhyAyam, adhyAyArthAn, praznaM,praznArthAMzceti; pRSTena caitadvaktavyamazeSeNa vAkyazo vAkyArthazo'rthAvayavazazceti ||30||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/26

प्रयोजनं चास्य स्वस्थस्य स्वास्थ्यरक्षणमातुरस्य विकारप्रशमनं च ||२६||

sanskrit

[Objectives of Ayurveda] The purpose of this science is to preserve the health of the healthy and cure the disease of the unhealthy.

english translation

prayojanaM cAsya svasthasya svAsthyarakSaNamAturasya vikAraprazamanaM ca ||26||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/27

सोऽयमायुर्वेदः शाश्वतो निर्दिश्यते, अनादित्वात्, स्वभावसंसिद्धलक्षणत्वात्, भावस्वभावनित्यत्वाच्च| न हि नाभूत् कदाचिदायुषः सन्तानो बुद्धिसन्तानो वा, शाश्वतश्चायुषो वेदिता, अनादि च सुखदुःखंसद्रव्यहेतुलक्षणमपरापरयोगात्| एष चार्थसङ्ग्रहो विभाव्यते आयुर्वेदलक्षणमिति| गुरुलघुशीतोष्णस्निग्धरूक्षादीनां द्रव्याणां सामान्यविशेषाभ्यां वृद्धिह्रासौ, यथोक्तं- गुरुभिरभ्यस्यमानैर्गुरूणामुपचयोभवत्यपचयो लघूनां, एवमेवेतरेषामिति, एष भावस्वभावो नित्यः, स्वलक्षणं च द्रव्याणां पृथिव्यादीनां; सन्ति तु द्रव्याणिगुणाश्च नित्यानित्याः| न ह्यायुर्वेदस्याभूत्वोत्पत्तिरुपलभ्यते, अन्यत्रावबोधोपदेशाभ्याम्; एतद्वै द्वयमधिकृत्योत्पत्तिमुपदिशन्त्येके| स्वाभाविकं चास्य लक्षणमकृतकं, यदुक्तमिहाद्येऽध्याये च; यथा- अग्नेरौष्ण्यम्, अपां द्रवत्वम्| भावस्वभावनित्यत्वमपि चास्य, यथोक्तं- गुरुभिरभ्यस्यमानैर्गुरूणामुपचयो भवत्यपचयो लघूनामिति ||२७||

sanskrit

[Eternal qualities of Ayurveda] Ayurveda is eternal because of the following: It has no beginning; its characteristics are self-evident, and those of things dealt with it are eternal. It has been seen that Ayu (the combination of body, its organs, mind, and soul) and intelligence about Ayu (knowledge about Ayu) are perpetual. Hence Ayu and its knowledge (i.e. Ayurveda) have been eternal. The knower becomes eternal after knowing Ayurveda. Concepts such as happiness and suffering (i.e., health and illness), therapeutics and pathogens, etc. - their causes, signs, and perpetuation are all eternal. This is what is described in Ayurveda. Substances, having properties such as heaviness, lightness, cold, heat, slimy, non-slimy, etc., when combined with other substances, tend to increase by similar properties and decrease by opposite properties. For example, habitual intake of heavy food/drugs increases heaviness and decreases lightness in the body. This is similar to others too. The characteristic of these substances or phenomena is eternal. The characteristics of prithvi etc. are eternal. However, matters and their attributes are both eternal and temporary. Theories that claim “Ayurveda came into existence after its creation” or “Ayurveda was conceived by someone and taught to his students” are false. But based on these statements, some scholars opine that Ayurveda had a beginning. (These characteristics, described in this chapter as well as in the first chapter of Sutra Sthana (i.e., Sutra Sthana 1:42, and 30:23) are innate to Ayurveda and are not fabrications.) Just like the heat of the fire and the liquidity of water, Ayurveda’s phenomena are eternal, e.g. habitual intake of heavy things increases the heaviness and decreases the lightness in the body.

english translation

so'yamAyurvedaH zAzvato nirdizyate, anAditvAt, svabhAvasaMsiddhalakSaNatvAt, bhAvasvabhAvanityatvAcca| na hi nAbhUt kadAcidAyuSaH santAno buddhisantAno vA, zAzvatazcAyuSo veditA, anAdi ca sukhaduHkhaMsadravyahetulakSaNamaparAparayogAt| eSa cArthasaGgraho vibhAvyate AyurvedalakSaNamiti| gurulaghuzItoSNasnigdharUkSAdInAM dravyANAM sAmAnyavizeSAbhyAM vRddhihrAsau, yathoktaM- gurubhirabhyasyamAnairgurUNAmupacayobhavatyapacayo laghUnAM, evamevetareSAmiti, eSa bhAvasvabhAvo nityaH, svalakSaNaM ca dravyANAM pRthivyAdInAM; santi tu dravyANiguNAzca nityAnityAH| na hyAyurvedasyAbhUtvotpattirupalabhyate, anyatrAvabodhopadezAbhyAm; etadvai dvayamadhikRtyotpattimupadizantyeke| svAbhAvikaM cAsya lakSaNamakRtakaM, yaduktamihAdye'dhyAye ca; yathA- agnerauSNyam, apAM dravatvam| bhAvasvabhAvanityatvamapi cAsya, yathoktaM- gurubhirabhyasyamAnairgurUNAmupacayo bhavatyapacayo laghUnAmiti ||27||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/28

तस्यायुर्वेदस्याङ्गान्यष्टौ; तद्यथा- कायचिकित्सा, शालाक्यं, शल्यापहर्तृकं, विषगरवैरोधिकप्रशमनं, भूतविद्या,कौमारभृत्यकं, रसायनं, वाजीकरणमिति ||२८||

sanskrit

[Eight branches of Ayurveda] Ayurveda has eight branches viz., 1. Internal Medicine, 2. The science is of diseases specific to the supra-clavicular region, i.e., Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) + Ophthalmology 3. Surgery, 4. Toxicology, 5. Psychiatry 6. Pediatrics, 7. The science of rejuvenation and 8. The science of sexual medicine.

english translation

tasyAyurvedasyAGgAnyaSTau; tadyathA- kAyacikitsA, zAlAkyaM, zalyApahartRkaM, viSagaravairodhikaprazamanaM, bhUtavidyA,kaumArabhRtyakaM, rasAyanaM, vAjIkaraNamiti ||28||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/29

स चाध्येतव्यो ब्राह्मणराजन्यवैश्यैः| तत्रानुग्रहार्थं प्राणिनां ब्राह्मणैः, आरक्षार्थं राजन्यैः, वृत्त्यर्थं वैश्यैः; सामान्यतो वा धर्मार्थकामपरिग्रहार्थं सर्वैः| तत्र यदध्यात्मविदां धर्मपथस्थानां धर्मप्रकाशकानां वा मातृपितृभ्रातृबन्धुगुरुजनस्य वा विकारप्रशमने प्रयत्नवान् भवति,यच्चायुर्वेदोक्तमध्यात्ममनुध्यायति वेदयत्यनुविधीयते वा, सोऽस्य परो धर्मः; या पुनरीश्वराणां वसुमतां वा सकाशात्सुखोपहारनिमित्ता भवत्यर्थावाप्तिरारक्षणं च, या च स्वपरिगृहीतानां प्राणिनामातुर्यादारक्षा, सोऽस्यार्थः; यत् पुनरस्यविद्वद्ग्रहणयशः [२] शरण्यत्वं च, या च सम्मानशुश्रूषा, यच्चेष्टानां विषयाणामारोग्यमाधत्ते सोऽस्य कामः| इति यथाप्रश्नमुक्तमशेषेण ||२९||

sanskrit

[Learners of Ayurveda and their objectives] Ayurveda should be studied by Brahmanas (for providing solace to all), Kings (for protecting his subjects), and Vaishyas or traders/business-people (for earning their livelihood). In general, Ayurveda can be studied by all for the attainment of righteousness, wealth, and desire. Righteousness can be attained by treating spiritual scholars who practice and propagate righteousness as a mother, father, a brother, a friend or as a superior. Righteousness can also be achieved by studying and practicing the spiritual knowledge contained in Ayurveda. One can earn wealth and protection by treating kings and other wealthy individuals. The practitioner of Ayurveda can also protect his subordinates and servants by his practice. He can fulfill his desires by gaining respect from the learned people for his abilities to protect others, by reputation, and by keeping his beloved ones like his spouse free from diseases. Thus, all the queries are answered in their entirety.

english translation

sa cAdhyetavyo brAhmaNarAjanyavaizyaiH| tatrAnugrahArthaM prANinAM brAhmaNaiH, ArakSArthaM rAjanyaiH, vRttyarthaM vaizyaiH; sAmAnyato vA dharmArthakAmaparigrahArthaM sarvaiH| tatra yadadhyAtmavidAM dharmapathasthAnAM dharmaprakAzakAnAM vA mAtRpitRbhrAtRbandhugurujanasya vA vikAraprazamane prayatnavAn bhavati,yaccAyurvedoktamadhyAtmamanudhyAyati vedayatyanuvidhIyate vA, so'sya paro dharmaH; yA punarIzvarANAM vasumatAM vA sakAzAtsukhopahAranimittA bhavatyarthAvAptirArakSaNaM ca, yA ca svaparigRhItAnAM prANinAmAturyAdArakSA, so'syArthaH; yat punarasyavidvadgrahaNayazaH [2] zaraNyatvaM ca, yA ca sammAnazuzrUSA, yacceSTAnAM viSayANAmArogyamAdhatte so'sya kAmaH| iti yathApraznamuktamazeSeNa ||29||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/30/30

अथ भिषगादित एव भिषजा प्रष्टव्योऽष्टविधं भवति- तन्त्रं, तन्त्रार्थान्, स्थानं, स्थानार्थान्, अध्यायम्, अध्यायार्थान्, प्रश्नं,प्रश्नार्थांश्चेति; पृष्टेन चैतद्वक्तव्यमशेषेण वाक्यशो वाक्यार्थशोऽर्थावयवशश्चेति ||३०||

sanskrit

[Eight segments to be learned in Ayurveda] A physician should ask other physicians eight questions (to learn Ayurveda): 1. classical text 2. object of text 3. section 4. object of section 5. chapter 6. object of the chapter 7. question/query 8. object of the query raised. Along these lines the query should be dealt by quoting the text, interpreting it and explanation of its various aspects.

english translation

atha bhiSagAdita eva bhiSajA praSTavyo'STavidhaM bhavati- tantraM, tantrArthAn, sthAnaM, sthAnArthAn, adhyAyam, adhyAyArthAn, praznaM,praznArthAMzceti; pRSTena caitadvaktavyamazeSeNa vAkyazo vAkyArthazo'rthAvayavazazceti ||30||

hk transliteration