Charak Samhita

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/41

तत्राग्निमारुतात्मका रसाः प्रायेणोर्ध्वभाजः, लाघवादुत्प्लवनत्वाच् वायोरूर्ध्वज्वलनत्वाच्च वह्नेः; सलिलपृथिव्यात्मकास्तु प्रायेणाधोभाजः, पृथिव्या गुरुत्वान्निम्नगत्वाच्चोदकस्य; व्यामिश्रात्मकाः पुनरुभयतोभाजः ||४१||

sanskrit

Amongst these, the rasas having agni and vayu often move upwards because of vayu’s property of lightness and rushing up and agni’s property of flaming up. Those predominant in apa and prithvi often move downwards due to heaviness of prithvi and downward moving tendency of apa (water). Those having mixed constitutions move both ways.

english translation

tatrAgnimArutAtmakA rasAH prAyeNordhvabhAjaH, lAghavAdutplavanatvAc vAyorUrdhvajvalanatvAcca vahneH; salilapRthivyAtmakAstu prAyeNAdhobhAjaH, pRthivyA gurutvAnnimnagatvAccodakasya; vyAmizrAtmakAH punarubhayatobhAjaH ||41||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/42

तेषां षण्णां रसानामेकैकस्य यथाद्रव्यं गुणकर्माण्यनुव्याख्यास्यामः ||४२||

sanskrit

Now I shall describe the properties and actions of each of the six rasas according to dravyas (which are their substrata).

english translation

teSAM SaNNAM rasAnAmekaikasya yathAdravyaM guNakarmANyanuvyAkhyAsyAmaH ||42||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/43

तत्र, मधुरो रसः शरीरसात्म्याद्रसरुधिरमांसमेदोस्थिमज्जौजःशुक्राभिवर्धन आयुष्यः षडिन्द्रियप्रसादनो बलवर्णकरः पित्तविषमारुतघ्नस्तृष्णादाहप्रशमनस्त्वच्यः केश्यः कण्ठ्यो बल्यः प्रीणनो जीवनस्तर्पणो बृंहणः स्थैर्यकरः क्षीणक्षतसन्धानकरो घ्राणमुखकण्ठौष्ठजिह्वाप्रह्लादनो दाहमूर्च्छाप्रशमनः षट्पदपिपीलिकानामिष्टतमः स्निग्धः शीतो गुरुश्च| स एवङ्गुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपयुज्यमानः स्थौल्यं मार्दवमालस्यमतिस्वप्नं गौरवमनन्नाभिलाषमग्नेर्दौर्बल्यमास्यकण्ठयोर्मांसाभिवृद्धिं श्वासकासप्रतिश्यायालसकशीतज्वरानाहास्यमाधुर्यवमथुसञ्ज्ञास्वरप्रणाशगलगण्डगण्डमालाश्लीपद- गलशोफबस्तिधमनीगलोपलेपाक्ष्यामयाभिष्यन्दानित्येवम्प्रभृतीन् कफजान् विकारानुपजनयति (१) अम्लो रसो भक्तं रोचयति, अग्निं दीपयति, देहं बृंहयति ऊर्जयति, मनो बोधयति, इन्द्रियाणि दृढीकरोति, बलं वर्धयति, वातमनुलोमयति, हृदयं तर्पयति, आस्यमास्रावयति, भुक्तमपकर्षयति क्लेदयति जरयति, प्रीणयति, लघुरुष्णः स्निग्धश्च| स एवङ्गुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपयुज्यमानो दन्तान् हर्षयति, तर्षयति, सम्मीलयत्यक्षिणी, संवेजयति लोमानि, कफं विलापयति, पित्तमभिवर्धयति, रक्तं दूषयति,मांसं विदहति, कायं शिथिलीकरोति, क्षीणक्षतकृशदुर्बलानां श्वयथुमापादयति, अपि च क्षताभिहतदष्टदग्धभग्नशूनप्रच्युतावमूत्रितपरिसर्पितमर्दितच्छिन्नभिन्नविश्लिष्टोद्विद्धोत्पिष्टादीनि पाचयत्याग्नेयस्वभावात्, परिदहति कण्ठमुरो हृदयं च (२) लवणो रसः पाचनः क्लेदनो दीपनश्च्यावनश्छेदनो भेदनस्तीक्ष्णः सरो विकास्यधःस्रंस्यवकाशकरो वातहरः स्तम्भबन्धसङ्घातविधमनः सर्वरसप्रत्यनीकभूतः, आस्यमास्रावयति, कफं विष्यन्दयति, मार्गान् विशोधयति, सर्वशरीरावयवान् मृदूकरोति, रोचयत्याहारम्, आहारयोगी, नात्यर्थं गुरुः स्निग्ध उष्णश्च| स एवङ्गुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपयुज्यमानः पित्तं कोपयति, रक्तं वर्धयति, तर्षयति, मूर्च्छयति , तापयति, दारयति, कुष्णाति मांसानि, प्रगालयति कुष्ठानि, विषं वर्धयति, शोफान् स्फोटयति, दन्तांश्च्यावयति, पुंस्त्वमुपहन्ति, इन्द्रियाण्युपरुणद्भि, वलिपलितखालित्यमापादयति, अपि च लोहितपित्ताम्लपित्तविसर्पवातरक्तविचर्चिकेन्द्रलुप्तप्रभृतीन्विकारानुपजनयति (३) कटुको रसो वक्त्रं शोधयति, अग्निं दीपयति, भुक्तं शोषयति, घ्राणमास्रावयति, चक्षुर्विरेचयति, स्फुटीकरोतीन्द्रियाणि, अलसकश्वयथूपचयोदर्दाभिष्यन्दस्नेहस्वेदक्लेदमलानुपहन्ति, रोचयत्यशनं, कण्डूर्विनाशयति , व्रणानवसादयति, क्रिमीन् हिनस्ति, मांसं विलिखति, शोणितसङ्घातं भिनत्ति, बन्धांश्छिनत्ति, मार्गान् विवृणोति, श्लेष्माणं शमयति, लघुरुष्णो रूक्षश्च| स एवङ्गुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपयुज्यमानो विपाकप्रभावात् पुंस्त्वमुपहन्ति, रसवीर्यप्रभावान्मोहयन्ति, ग्लापयति, सादयति, कर्शयति, मूर्च्छयति, नमयति, तमयति, भ्रमयति, कण्ठं परिदहति, शरीरतापमुपजनयति, बलं क्षिणोति, तृष्णां जनयति; अपि च वाय्वग्निगुणबाहुल्याद्भ्रमदवथुकम्पतोदभेदैश्चरणभुजपार्श्वपृष्ठप्रभृतिषु मारुतजान् विकारानुपजनयति (४) तिक्तो रसः स्वयमरोचिष्णुरप्यरोचकघ्नो विषघ्नः क्रिमिघ्नो मूर्च्छादाहकण्डूकुष्ठतृष्णाप्रशमनस्त्वङ्मांसयोः स्थिरीकरणो ज्वरघ्नो दीपनः पाचनः स्तन्यशोधनो लेखनः क्लेदमेदोवसामज्जलसीकापूयस्वेदमूत्रपुरीषपित्तश्लेष्मोपशोषणो रूक्षः शीतो लघुश्च| स एवङ्गुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपयुज्यमानो रौक्ष्यात्खरविषदस्वभावाच्च रसरुधिरमांसमेदोस्थिमज्जशुक्राण्युच्छोषयति, स्रोतसां खरत्वमुपपादयति, बलमादत्ते, कर्शयति, ग्लपयति, मोहयति, भ्रमयति, वदनमुपशोषयति, अपरांश्च वातविकारानुपजनयति (५) कषायो रसः संशमनः सङ्ग्राही सन्धानकरः पीडनो रोपणः शोषणः स्तम्भनः श्लेष्मरक्तपित्तप्रशमनः शरीरक्लेदस्योपयोक्ता रूक्षः शीतोऽलघुश्च| स एवङ्गुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपयुज्यमान आस्यं शोषयति, हृदयं पीडयति, उदरमाध्मापयति, वाचं निगृह्णाति, स्रोतांस्यवबध्नाति, श्यावत्वमापादयति, पुंस्त्वमुपहन्ति, विष्टभ्य जरां गच्छति, वातमूत्रपुरीषरेतांस्यवगृह्णाति, कर्शयति, ग्लपयति, तर्षयति, स्तम्भयति, खरविशदरूक्षत्वात् पक्षवधग्रहापतानकार्दितप्रभृतींश्च वातविकारानुपजनयति ||४३||

sanskrit

[Actions of madhura rasa and effects of its excessive use] Amongst the six rasas, the madhura rasa, because of its suitability to the body, promotes rasa dhatu, rakta,mamsa, meda dhatu, asthi dhatu, majja dhatu,ojas and shukra. It is also conducive to increasing the lifespan of the person, is pleasing to the six sense organs, promotes strength and lustre, alleviates pitta and vayu, neutralizes poisons, and pacifies thirst and heat. It is beneficial for skin, hair, throat and strength and is nourishing, vitalizing, saturating, bulk-promoting and stabilizing. It promotes healing of wounds of the emaciated. It provides good feeling in nose, mouth, throat, lips and tongue; alleviates fainting, is most liked by the bees and ants, and is unctuous, cold and heavy. This rasa, though having so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, causes obesity, softness, laziness, excessive sleep, heaviness, loss of desire for food, poor digestion with mildness of appetite, abnormal growth in mouth and throat, dyspnea, cough, coryza, alasaka, fever with shivering, hardness in bowels, sweetness in mouth, vomiting, loss of consciousness and voice, goitre, cervical adenitis, filariasis, pharyngitis, (mucous) coating in bladder, arteries and throat, eye diseases, conjunctivitis etc.[1] [Actions of amla rasa and effects of its excessive use] Amla rasa makes food relishing, stimulates agni, enhances body bulk and energizes it, awakens the mind, firms the sense organs, increases bala (strength), causes vatanulomana (normal movement of vata), nourishes the heart, increases secretions in the mouth, propels, moistens, and digests food, gives satisfaction, and is light, hot and unctuous. This, though endowed with so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, makes teeth sensitive, causes thirst, causes closure of eyes, raises the body hair, liquifies kapha, aggravates pitta, affects blood morbidity, causes inflammation in muscles and laxity in body, produces swelling in wasted, injured, emaciated and debilitated persons, because of its agneya nature causes suppuration in wounds, injuries, bites, burns, fractures, swellings, dislocations, poisoned spots due to urination and contact of insects, compressed, excised, incised, punctured and crushed etc., and causes burning sensation in throat, chest and the cardiac region. [2] [Actions of lavana rasa and effects of its excessive use] Lavana rasa is digestive, moistening, appetizing, pouring, expectorant, mass-breaking, irritant, laxative, quickly spreading in body, oozing, space-creating, vata alleviating, diminishes stiffness, viscid, diminishes the perception of other tastes if added in excess, increases secretions in mouth, liquefies kapha, cleanses channels, softens all the body-parts, gives relish to food, is a supplement of food. It is not very heavy, unctuous and hot. This, though having so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, vitiates pitta, aggravates rakta, causes thirst, fainting, heat, tearing, sloughing, increases leprosy and other skin diseases, aggravates poisons, weakens teeth, aggravates inflammations, impairs potency, hinders sense organs, gives rise to wrinkles, grey hair and baldness, and also produces disorders like internal hemorrhage, acid gastritis, erysipelas, vatarakta, eczema, alopecia etc. [3] [Actions of katu rasa and effects of its excessive use] Katu rasa cleanses mouth, stimulates digestion, absorbs food, causes secretion from the nose and eyes, makes the sense organs clear, alleviates alasaka, swelling, corpulence, urticarial patches, blocked channels, unction, sweating, moisture and dirt, making food relishing, destroys itching, depresses wounds, kills germs, scrapes muscles, checks the coagulation of blood, cuts the bindings, expands the channels, pacifies kapha, and is light, hot and rough. This though having so many properties, if used singly and excessively, can damage sexual potency due to the effect of vipaka, cause mental confusion, malaise, depression, emaciation, fainting, bending, feeling of darkness, giddiness, burning in throat, body-heat, loss of strength and thirst due to the effect of rasa and veerya and prabhava, over and above, due to abundance of vayu and agni, it produces vatika disorders in feet, hands, sides, back etc. particularly with symptoms like dizziness, burning pain, tremors, piercing and tearing pains. [4] [Actions of tikta rasa and effects of its excessive use] Tikta rasa, though itself non-relishing, enhances appetite, is anti-poison, anthelmintic, alleviates fainting, burning sensation, itching, skin disorders and thirst, provides firmness to skin and muscles, is antipyretic, appetizer, digestive, galactodepurant (i.e., an agent that cleanses any adverse reaction of milk), lekhana (making thin), absorbs moisture, reduces fat, muscle-fat, marrow, lymph, pus, sweat, urine, feces, pitta and kapha; and is rough, cold and light. This, though possessing so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, on account of its roughness, coarseness and non-sliminess, dries up rasa dhatu, rakta dhatu, mamsa dhatu,meda dhatu, asthi dhatu, majja dhatu and shukra dhatu, causes coarseness in channels, takes away strength, produces emaciation, malaise, mental confusion, giddiness, dryness of mouth and other vatika disorders. [5] [Actions of kashaya rasa and effects of its excessive use] Kashya rasa is pacifying, astringent, union-promoting, compressing, healing, absorbing, checking (discharges), pacifies kapha, rakta and pitta, utilizes the body fluid, is rough, cold and slightly light. This, though possessing so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, dries up mouth, causes heart-ache, it causes distended abdomen, obstructs speech, constricts body channels, darkens complexion, decreases reproductive potency, delays digestion, causes distension of abdomen, checks flatus, urine, feces and semen, produces emaciation, malaise, thirst, stiffness, and because of its coarseness, non-sliminess and roughness, causes vatika disorders like hemiplegia, spasm, convulsions, facial paralysis etc.

english translation

tatra, madhuro rasaH zarIrasAtmyAdrasarudhiramAMsamedosthimajjaujaHzukrAbhivardhana AyuSyaH SaDindriyaprasAdano balavarNakaraH pittaviSamArutaghnastRSNAdAhaprazamanastvacyaH kezyaH kaNThyo balyaH prINano jIvanastarpaNo bRMhaNaH sthairyakaraH kSINakSatasandhAnakaro ghrANamukhakaNThauSThajihvAprahlAdano dAhamUrcchAprazamanaH SaTpadapipIlikAnAmiSTatamaH snigdhaH zIto guruzca| sa evaGguNo'pyeka evAtyarthamupayujyamAnaH sthaulyaM mArdavamAlasyamatisvapnaM gauravamanannAbhilASamagnerdaurbalyamAsyakaNThayormAMsAbhivRddhiM zvAsakAsapratizyAyAlasakazItajvarAnAhAsyamAdhuryavamathusaJjJAsvarapraNAzagalagaNDagaNDamAlAzlIpada- galazophabastidhamanIgalopalepAkSyAmayAbhiSyandAnityevamprabhRtIn kaphajAn vikArAnupajanayati (1) amlo raso bhaktaM rocayati, agniM dIpayati, dehaM bRMhayati Urjayati, mano bodhayati, indriyANi dRDhIkaroti, balaM vardhayati, vAtamanulomayati, hRdayaM tarpayati, AsyamAsrAvayati, bhuktamapakarSayati kledayati jarayati, prINayati, laghuruSNaH snigdhazca| sa evaGguNo'pyeka evAtyarthamupayujyamAno dantAn harSayati, tarSayati, sammIlayatyakSiNI, saMvejayati lomAni, kaphaM vilApayati, pittamabhivardhayati, raktaM dUSayati,mAMsaM vidahati, kAyaM zithilIkaroti, kSINakSatakRzadurbalAnAM zvayathumApAdayati, api ca kSatAbhihatadaSTadagdhabhagnazUnapracyutAvamUtritaparisarpitamarditacchinnabhinnavizliSTodviddhotpiSTAdIni pAcayatyAgneyasvabhAvAt, paridahati kaNThamuro hRdayaM ca (2) lavaNo rasaH pAcanaH kledano dIpanazcyAvanazchedano bhedanastIkSNaH saro vikAsyadhaHsraMsyavakAzakaro vAtaharaH stambhabandhasaGghAtavidhamanaH sarvarasapratyanIkabhUtaH, AsyamAsrAvayati, kaphaM viSyandayati, mArgAn vizodhayati, sarvazarIrAvayavAn mRdUkaroti, rocayatyAhAram, AhArayogI, nAtyarthaM guruH snigdha uSNazca| sa evaGguNo'pyeka evAtyarthamupayujyamAnaH pittaM kopayati, raktaM vardhayati, tarSayati, mUrcchayati , tApayati, dArayati, kuSNAti mAMsAni, pragAlayati kuSThAni, viSaM vardhayati, zophAn sphoTayati, dantAMzcyAvayati, puMstvamupahanti, indriyANyuparuNadbhi, valipalitakhAlityamApAdayati, api ca lohitapittAmlapittavisarpavAtaraktavicarcikendraluptaprabhRtInvikArAnupajanayati (3) kaTuko raso vaktraM zodhayati, agniM dIpayati, bhuktaM zoSayati, ghrANamAsrAvayati, cakSurvirecayati, sphuTIkarotIndriyANi, alasakazvayathUpacayodardAbhiSyandasnehasvedakledamalAnupahanti, rocayatyazanaM, kaNDUrvinAzayati , vraNAnavasAdayati, krimIn hinasti, mAMsaM vilikhati, zoNitasaGghAtaM bhinatti, bandhAMzchinatti, mArgAn vivRNoti, zleSmANaM zamayati, laghuruSNo rUkSazca| sa evaGguNo'pyeka evAtyarthamupayujyamAno vipAkaprabhAvAt puMstvamupahanti, rasavIryaprabhAvAnmohayanti, glApayati, sAdayati, karzayati, mUrcchayati, namayati, tamayati, bhramayati, kaNThaM paridahati, zarIratApamupajanayati, balaM kSiNoti, tRSNAM janayati; api ca vAyvagniguNabAhulyAdbhramadavathukampatodabhedaizcaraNabhujapArzvapRSThaprabhRtiSu mArutajAn vikArAnupajanayati (4) tikto rasaH svayamarociSNurapyarocakaghno viSaghnaH krimighno mUrcchAdAhakaNDUkuSThatRSNAprazamanastvaGmAMsayoH sthirIkaraNo jvaraghno dIpanaH pAcanaH stanyazodhano lekhanaH kledamedovasAmajjalasIkApUyasvedamUtrapurISapittazleSmopazoSaNo rUkSaH zIto laghuzca| sa evaGguNo'pyeka evAtyarthamupayujyamAno raukSyAtkharaviSadasvabhAvAcca rasarudhiramAMsamedosthimajjazukrANyucchoSayati, srotasAM kharatvamupapAdayati, balamAdatte, karzayati, glapayati, mohayati, bhramayati, vadanamupazoSayati, aparAMzca vAtavikArAnupajanayati (5) kaSAyo rasaH saMzamanaH saGgrAhI sandhAnakaraH pIDano ropaNaH zoSaNaH stambhanaH zleSmaraktapittaprazamanaH zarIrakledasyopayoktA rUkSaH zIto'laghuzca| sa evaGguNo'pyeka evAtyarthamupayujyamAna AsyaM zoSayati, hRdayaM pIDayati, udaramAdhmApayati, vAcaM nigRhNAti, srotAMsyavabadhnAti, zyAvatvamApAdayati, puMstvamupahanti, viSTabhya jarAM gacchati, vAtamUtrapurISaretAMsyavagRhNAti, karzayati, glapayati, tarSayati, stambhayati, kharavizadarUkSatvAt pakSavadhagrahApatAnakArditaprabhRtIMzca vAtavikArAnupajanayati ||43||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/44

इत्येवमेते षड्रसाः पृथक्त्वेनैकत्वेन वा मात्रशः सम्यगुपयुज्यमाना उपकाराय भवन्त्यध्यात्मलोकस्य, अपकारकराः पुनरतोऽन्यथा भवन्त्युपयुज्यमानाः; तान् विद्वानुपकारार्थमेव मात्रशः सम्यगुपयोजयेदिति ||४४||

sanskrit

These six rasas, when used in proper quantity, are beneficial for all human beings, otherwise become harmful. Hence the wise should use these properly in proper quantity in order to derive benefit (from them)

english translation

ityevamete SaDrasAH pRthaktvenaikatvena vA mAtrazaH samyagupayujyamAnA upakArAya bhavantyadhyAtmalokasya, apakArakarAH punarato'nyathA bhavantyupayujyamAnAH; tAn vidvAnupakArArthameva mAtrazaH samyagupayojayediti ||44||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/45

भवन्ति चात्र- शीतं वीर्येण यद्द्रव्यं मधुरं रसपाकयोः| तयोरम्लं यदुष्णं च यद्द्रव्यं कटुकं तयोः ||४५||

sanskrit

[Veerya (potency)] The substance (drug or diet) which is madhura in rasa and vipaka (biotransformation) is sheeta (cold) in veerya (potency). Likewise, the substance, amla (or katu) in rasa and vipaka, is ushna (hot) in veerya.

english translation

bhavanti cAtra- zItaM vIryeNa yaddravyaM madhuraM rasapAkayoH| tayoramlaM yaduSNaM ca yaddravyaM kaTukaM tayoH ||45||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/41

तत्राग्निमारुतात्मका रसाः प्रायेणोर्ध्वभाजः, लाघवादुत्प्लवनत्वाच् वायोरूर्ध्वज्वलनत्वाच्च वह्नेः; सलिलपृथिव्यात्मकास्तु प्रायेणाधोभाजः, पृथिव्या गुरुत्वान्निम्नगत्वाच्चोदकस्य; व्यामिश्रात्मकाः पुनरुभयतोभाजः ||४१||

sanskrit

Amongst these, the rasas having agni and vayu often move upwards because of vayu’s property of lightness and rushing up and agni’s property of flaming up. Those predominant in apa and prithvi often move downwards due to heaviness of prithvi and downward moving tendency of apa (water). Those having mixed constitutions move both ways.

english translation

tatrAgnimArutAtmakA rasAH prAyeNordhvabhAjaH, lAghavAdutplavanatvAc vAyorUrdhvajvalanatvAcca vahneH; salilapRthivyAtmakAstu prAyeNAdhobhAjaH, pRthivyA gurutvAnnimnagatvAccodakasya; vyAmizrAtmakAH punarubhayatobhAjaH ||41||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/42

तेषां षण्णां रसानामेकैकस्य यथाद्रव्यं गुणकर्माण्यनुव्याख्यास्यामः ||४२||

sanskrit

Now I shall describe the properties and actions of each of the six rasas according to dravyas (which are their substrata).

english translation

teSAM SaNNAM rasAnAmekaikasya yathAdravyaM guNakarmANyanuvyAkhyAsyAmaH ||42||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/43

तत्र, मधुरो रसः शरीरसात्म्याद्रसरुधिरमांसमेदोस्थिमज्जौजःशुक्राभिवर्धन आयुष्यः षडिन्द्रियप्रसादनो बलवर्णकरः पित्तविषमारुतघ्नस्तृष्णादाहप्रशमनस्त्वच्यः केश्यः कण्ठ्यो बल्यः प्रीणनो जीवनस्तर्पणो बृंहणः स्थैर्यकरः क्षीणक्षतसन्धानकरो घ्राणमुखकण्ठौष्ठजिह्वाप्रह्लादनो दाहमूर्च्छाप्रशमनः षट्पदपिपीलिकानामिष्टतमः स्निग्धः शीतो गुरुश्च| स एवङ्गुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपयुज्यमानः स्थौल्यं मार्दवमालस्यमतिस्वप्नं गौरवमनन्नाभिलाषमग्नेर्दौर्बल्यमास्यकण्ठयोर्मांसाभिवृद्धिं श्वासकासप्रतिश्यायालसकशीतज्वरानाहास्यमाधुर्यवमथुसञ्ज्ञास्वरप्रणाशगलगण्डगण्डमालाश्लीपद- गलशोफबस्तिधमनीगलोपलेपाक्ष्यामयाभिष्यन्दानित्येवम्प्रभृतीन् कफजान् विकारानुपजनयति (१) अम्लो रसो भक्तं रोचयति, अग्निं दीपयति, देहं बृंहयति ऊर्जयति, मनो बोधयति, इन्द्रियाणि दृढीकरोति, बलं वर्धयति, वातमनुलोमयति, हृदयं तर्पयति, आस्यमास्रावयति, भुक्तमपकर्षयति क्लेदयति जरयति, प्रीणयति, लघुरुष्णः स्निग्धश्च| स एवङ्गुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपयुज्यमानो दन्तान् हर्षयति, तर्षयति, सम्मीलयत्यक्षिणी, संवेजयति लोमानि, कफं विलापयति, पित्तमभिवर्धयति, रक्तं दूषयति,मांसं विदहति, कायं शिथिलीकरोति, क्षीणक्षतकृशदुर्बलानां श्वयथुमापादयति, अपि च क्षताभिहतदष्टदग्धभग्नशूनप्रच्युतावमूत्रितपरिसर्पितमर्दितच्छिन्नभिन्नविश्लिष्टोद्विद्धोत्पिष्टादीनि पाचयत्याग्नेयस्वभावात्, परिदहति कण्ठमुरो हृदयं च (२) लवणो रसः पाचनः क्लेदनो दीपनश्च्यावनश्छेदनो भेदनस्तीक्ष्णः सरो विकास्यधःस्रंस्यवकाशकरो वातहरः स्तम्भबन्धसङ्घातविधमनः सर्वरसप्रत्यनीकभूतः, आस्यमास्रावयति, कफं विष्यन्दयति, मार्गान् विशोधयति, सर्वशरीरावयवान् मृदूकरोति, रोचयत्याहारम्, आहारयोगी, नात्यर्थं गुरुः स्निग्ध उष्णश्च| स एवङ्गुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपयुज्यमानः पित्तं कोपयति, रक्तं वर्धयति, तर्षयति, मूर्च्छयति , तापयति, दारयति, कुष्णाति मांसानि, प्रगालयति कुष्ठानि, विषं वर्धयति, शोफान् स्फोटयति, दन्तांश्च्यावयति, पुंस्त्वमुपहन्ति, इन्द्रियाण्युपरुणद्भि, वलिपलितखालित्यमापादयति, अपि च लोहितपित्ताम्लपित्तविसर्पवातरक्तविचर्चिकेन्द्रलुप्तप्रभृतीन्विकारानुपजनयति (३) कटुको रसो वक्त्रं शोधयति, अग्निं दीपयति, भुक्तं शोषयति, घ्राणमास्रावयति, चक्षुर्विरेचयति, स्फुटीकरोतीन्द्रियाणि, अलसकश्वयथूपचयोदर्दाभिष्यन्दस्नेहस्वेदक्लेदमलानुपहन्ति, रोचयत्यशनं, कण्डूर्विनाशयति , व्रणानवसादयति, क्रिमीन् हिनस्ति, मांसं विलिखति, शोणितसङ्घातं भिनत्ति, बन्धांश्छिनत्ति, मार्गान् विवृणोति, श्लेष्माणं शमयति, लघुरुष्णो रूक्षश्च| स एवङ्गुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपयुज्यमानो विपाकप्रभावात् पुंस्त्वमुपहन्ति, रसवीर्यप्रभावान्मोहयन्ति, ग्लापयति, सादयति, कर्शयति, मूर्च्छयति, नमयति, तमयति, भ्रमयति, कण्ठं परिदहति, शरीरतापमुपजनयति, बलं क्षिणोति, तृष्णां जनयति; अपि च वाय्वग्निगुणबाहुल्याद्भ्रमदवथुकम्पतोदभेदैश्चरणभुजपार्श्वपृष्ठप्रभृतिषु मारुतजान् विकारानुपजनयति (४) तिक्तो रसः स्वयमरोचिष्णुरप्यरोचकघ्नो विषघ्नः क्रिमिघ्नो मूर्च्छादाहकण्डूकुष्ठतृष्णाप्रशमनस्त्वङ्मांसयोः स्थिरीकरणो ज्वरघ्नो दीपनः पाचनः स्तन्यशोधनो लेखनः क्लेदमेदोवसामज्जलसीकापूयस्वेदमूत्रपुरीषपित्तश्लेष्मोपशोषणो रूक्षः शीतो लघुश्च| स एवङ्गुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपयुज्यमानो रौक्ष्यात्खरविषदस्वभावाच्च रसरुधिरमांसमेदोस्थिमज्जशुक्राण्युच्छोषयति, स्रोतसां खरत्वमुपपादयति, बलमादत्ते, कर्शयति, ग्लपयति, मोहयति, भ्रमयति, वदनमुपशोषयति, अपरांश्च वातविकारानुपजनयति (५) कषायो रसः संशमनः सङ्ग्राही सन्धानकरः पीडनो रोपणः शोषणः स्तम्भनः श्लेष्मरक्तपित्तप्रशमनः शरीरक्लेदस्योपयोक्ता रूक्षः शीतोऽलघुश्च| स एवङ्गुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपयुज्यमान आस्यं शोषयति, हृदयं पीडयति, उदरमाध्मापयति, वाचं निगृह्णाति, स्रोतांस्यवबध्नाति, श्यावत्वमापादयति, पुंस्त्वमुपहन्ति, विष्टभ्य जरां गच्छति, वातमूत्रपुरीषरेतांस्यवगृह्णाति, कर्शयति, ग्लपयति, तर्षयति, स्तम्भयति, खरविशदरूक्षत्वात् पक्षवधग्रहापतानकार्दितप्रभृतींश्च वातविकारानुपजनयति ||४३||

sanskrit

[Actions of madhura rasa and effects of its excessive use] Amongst the six rasas, the madhura rasa, because of its suitability to the body, promotes rasa dhatu, rakta,mamsa, meda dhatu, asthi dhatu, majja dhatu,ojas and shukra. It is also conducive to increasing the lifespan of the person, is pleasing to the six sense organs, promotes strength and lustre, alleviates pitta and vayu, neutralizes poisons, and pacifies thirst and heat. It is beneficial for skin, hair, throat and strength and is nourishing, vitalizing, saturating, bulk-promoting and stabilizing. It promotes healing of wounds of the emaciated. It provides good feeling in nose, mouth, throat, lips and tongue; alleviates fainting, is most liked by the bees and ants, and is unctuous, cold and heavy. This rasa, though having so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, causes obesity, softness, laziness, excessive sleep, heaviness, loss of desire for food, poor digestion with mildness of appetite, abnormal growth in mouth and throat, dyspnea, cough, coryza, alasaka, fever with shivering, hardness in bowels, sweetness in mouth, vomiting, loss of consciousness and voice, goitre, cervical adenitis, filariasis, pharyngitis, (mucous) coating in bladder, arteries and throat, eye diseases, conjunctivitis etc.[1] [Actions of amla rasa and effects of its excessive use] Amla rasa makes food relishing, stimulates agni, enhances body bulk and energizes it, awakens the mind, firms the sense organs, increases bala (strength), causes vatanulomana (normal movement of vata), nourishes the heart, increases secretions in the mouth, propels, moistens, and digests food, gives satisfaction, and is light, hot and unctuous. This, though endowed with so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, makes teeth sensitive, causes thirst, causes closure of eyes, raises the body hair, liquifies kapha, aggravates pitta, affects blood morbidity, causes inflammation in muscles and laxity in body, produces swelling in wasted, injured, emaciated and debilitated persons, because of its agneya nature causes suppuration in wounds, injuries, bites, burns, fractures, swellings, dislocations, poisoned spots due to urination and contact of insects, compressed, excised, incised, punctured and crushed etc., and causes burning sensation in throat, chest and the cardiac region. [2] [Actions of lavana rasa and effects of its excessive use] Lavana rasa is digestive, moistening, appetizing, pouring, expectorant, mass-breaking, irritant, laxative, quickly spreading in body, oozing, space-creating, vata alleviating, diminishes stiffness, viscid, diminishes the perception of other tastes if added in excess, increases secretions in mouth, liquefies kapha, cleanses channels, softens all the body-parts, gives relish to food, is a supplement of food. It is not very heavy, unctuous and hot. This, though having so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, vitiates pitta, aggravates rakta, causes thirst, fainting, heat, tearing, sloughing, increases leprosy and other skin diseases, aggravates poisons, weakens teeth, aggravates inflammations, impairs potency, hinders sense organs, gives rise to wrinkles, grey hair and baldness, and also produces disorders like internal hemorrhage, acid gastritis, erysipelas, vatarakta, eczema, alopecia etc. [3] [Actions of katu rasa and effects of its excessive use] Katu rasa cleanses mouth, stimulates digestion, absorbs food, causes secretion from the nose and eyes, makes the sense organs clear, alleviates alasaka, swelling, corpulence, urticarial patches, blocked channels, unction, sweating, moisture and dirt, making food relishing, destroys itching, depresses wounds, kills germs, scrapes muscles, checks the coagulation of blood, cuts the bindings, expands the channels, pacifies kapha, and is light, hot and rough. This though having so many properties, if used singly and excessively, can damage sexual potency due to the effect of vipaka, cause mental confusion, malaise, depression, emaciation, fainting, bending, feeling of darkness, giddiness, burning in throat, body-heat, loss of strength and thirst due to the effect of rasa and veerya and prabhava, over and above, due to abundance of vayu and agni, it produces vatika disorders in feet, hands, sides, back etc. particularly with symptoms like dizziness, burning pain, tremors, piercing and tearing pains. [4] [Actions of tikta rasa and effects of its excessive use] Tikta rasa, though itself non-relishing, enhances appetite, is anti-poison, anthelmintic, alleviates fainting, burning sensation, itching, skin disorders and thirst, provides firmness to skin and muscles, is antipyretic, appetizer, digestive, galactodepurant (i.e., an agent that cleanses any adverse reaction of milk), lekhana (making thin), absorbs moisture, reduces fat, muscle-fat, marrow, lymph, pus, sweat, urine, feces, pitta and kapha; and is rough, cold and light. This, though possessing so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, on account of its roughness, coarseness and non-sliminess, dries up rasa dhatu, rakta dhatu, mamsa dhatu,meda dhatu, asthi dhatu, majja dhatu and shukra dhatu, causes coarseness in channels, takes away strength, produces emaciation, malaise, mental confusion, giddiness, dryness of mouth and other vatika disorders. [5] [Actions of kashaya rasa and effects of its excessive use] Kashya rasa is pacifying, astringent, union-promoting, compressing, healing, absorbing, checking (discharges), pacifies kapha, rakta and pitta, utilizes the body fluid, is rough, cold and slightly light. This, though possessing so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, dries up mouth, causes heart-ache, it causes distended abdomen, obstructs speech, constricts body channels, darkens complexion, decreases reproductive potency, delays digestion, causes distension of abdomen, checks flatus, urine, feces and semen, produces emaciation, malaise, thirst, stiffness, and because of its coarseness, non-sliminess and roughness, causes vatika disorders like hemiplegia, spasm, convulsions, facial paralysis etc.

english translation

tatra, madhuro rasaH zarIrasAtmyAdrasarudhiramAMsamedosthimajjaujaHzukrAbhivardhana AyuSyaH SaDindriyaprasAdano balavarNakaraH pittaviSamArutaghnastRSNAdAhaprazamanastvacyaH kezyaH kaNThyo balyaH prINano jIvanastarpaNo bRMhaNaH sthairyakaraH kSINakSatasandhAnakaro ghrANamukhakaNThauSThajihvAprahlAdano dAhamUrcchAprazamanaH SaTpadapipIlikAnAmiSTatamaH snigdhaH zIto guruzca| sa evaGguNo'pyeka evAtyarthamupayujyamAnaH sthaulyaM mArdavamAlasyamatisvapnaM gauravamanannAbhilASamagnerdaurbalyamAsyakaNThayormAMsAbhivRddhiM zvAsakAsapratizyAyAlasakazItajvarAnAhAsyamAdhuryavamathusaJjJAsvarapraNAzagalagaNDagaNDamAlAzlIpada- galazophabastidhamanIgalopalepAkSyAmayAbhiSyandAnityevamprabhRtIn kaphajAn vikArAnupajanayati (1) amlo raso bhaktaM rocayati, agniM dIpayati, dehaM bRMhayati Urjayati, mano bodhayati, indriyANi dRDhIkaroti, balaM vardhayati, vAtamanulomayati, hRdayaM tarpayati, AsyamAsrAvayati, bhuktamapakarSayati kledayati jarayati, prINayati, laghuruSNaH snigdhazca| sa evaGguNo'pyeka evAtyarthamupayujyamAno dantAn harSayati, tarSayati, sammIlayatyakSiNI, saMvejayati lomAni, kaphaM vilApayati, pittamabhivardhayati, raktaM dUSayati,mAMsaM vidahati, kAyaM zithilIkaroti, kSINakSatakRzadurbalAnAM zvayathumApAdayati, api ca kSatAbhihatadaSTadagdhabhagnazUnapracyutAvamUtritaparisarpitamarditacchinnabhinnavizliSTodviddhotpiSTAdIni pAcayatyAgneyasvabhAvAt, paridahati kaNThamuro hRdayaM ca (2) lavaNo rasaH pAcanaH kledano dIpanazcyAvanazchedano bhedanastIkSNaH saro vikAsyadhaHsraMsyavakAzakaro vAtaharaH stambhabandhasaGghAtavidhamanaH sarvarasapratyanIkabhUtaH, AsyamAsrAvayati, kaphaM viSyandayati, mArgAn vizodhayati, sarvazarIrAvayavAn mRdUkaroti, rocayatyAhAram, AhArayogI, nAtyarthaM guruH snigdha uSNazca| sa evaGguNo'pyeka evAtyarthamupayujyamAnaH pittaM kopayati, raktaM vardhayati, tarSayati, mUrcchayati , tApayati, dArayati, kuSNAti mAMsAni, pragAlayati kuSThAni, viSaM vardhayati, zophAn sphoTayati, dantAMzcyAvayati, puMstvamupahanti, indriyANyuparuNadbhi, valipalitakhAlityamApAdayati, api ca lohitapittAmlapittavisarpavAtaraktavicarcikendraluptaprabhRtInvikArAnupajanayati (3) kaTuko raso vaktraM zodhayati, agniM dIpayati, bhuktaM zoSayati, ghrANamAsrAvayati, cakSurvirecayati, sphuTIkarotIndriyANi, alasakazvayathUpacayodardAbhiSyandasnehasvedakledamalAnupahanti, rocayatyazanaM, kaNDUrvinAzayati , vraNAnavasAdayati, krimIn hinasti, mAMsaM vilikhati, zoNitasaGghAtaM bhinatti, bandhAMzchinatti, mArgAn vivRNoti, zleSmANaM zamayati, laghuruSNo rUkSazca| sa evaGguNo'pyeka evAtyarthamupayujyamAno vipAkaprabhAvAt puMstvamupahanti, rasavIryaprabhAvAnmohayanti, glApayati, sAdayati, karzayati, mUrcchayati, namayati, tamayati, bhramayati, kaNThaM paridahati, zarIratApamupajanayati, balaM kSiNoti, tRSNAM janayati; api ca vAyvagniguNabAhulyAdbhramadavathukampatodabhedaizcaraNabhujapArzvapRSThaprabhRtiSu mArutajAn vikArAnupajanayati (4) tikto rasaH svayamarociSNurapyarocakaghno viSaghnaH krimighno mUrcchAdAhakaNDUkuSThatRSNAprazamanastvaGmAMsayoH sthirIkaraNo jvaraghno dIpanaH pAcanaH stanyazodhano lekhanaH kledamedovasAmajjalasIkApUyasvedamUtrapurISapittazleSmopazoSaNo rUkSaH zIto laghuzca| sa evaGguNo'pyeka evAtyarthamupayujyamAno raukSyAtkharaviSadasvabhAvAcca rasarudhiramAMsamedosthimajjazukrANyucchoSayati, srotasAM kharatvamupapAdayati, balamAdatte, karzayati, glapayati, mohayati, bhramayati, vadanamupazoSayati, aparAMzca vAtavikArAnupajanayati (5) kaSAyo rasaH saMzamanaH saGgrAhI sandhAnakaraH pIDano ropaNaH zoSaNaH stambhanaH zleSmaraktapittaprazamanaH zarIrakledasyopayoktA rUkSaH zIto'laghuzca| sa evaGguNo'pyeka evAtyarthamupayujyamAna AsyaM zoSayati, hRdayaM pIDayati, udaramAdhmApayati, vAcaM nigRhNAti, srotAMsyavabadhnAti, zyAvatvamApAdayati, puMstvamupahanti, viSTabhya jarAM gacchati, vAtamUtrapurISaretAMsyavagRhNAti, karzayati, glapayati, tarSayati, stambhayati, kharavizadarUkSatvAt pakSavadhagrahApatAnakArditaprabhRtIMzca vAtavikArAnupajanayati ||43||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/44

इत्येवमेते षड्रसाः पृथक्त्वेनैकत्वेन वा मात्रशः सम्यगुपयुज्यमाना उपकाराय भवन्त्यध्यात्मलोकस्य, अपकारकराः पुनरतोऽन्यथा भवन्त्युपयुज्यमानाः; तान् विद्वानुपकारार्थमेव मात्रशः सम्यगुपयोजयेदिति ||४४||

sanskrit

These six rasas, when used in proper quantity, are beneficial for all human beings, otherwise become harmful. Hence the wise should use these properly in proper quantity in order to derive benefit (from them)

english translation

ityevamete SaDrasAH pRthaktvenaikatvena vA mAtrazaH samyagupayujyamAnA upakArAya bhavantyadhyAtmalokasya, apakArakarAH punarato'nyathA bhavantyupayujyamAnAH; tAn vidvAnupakArArthameva mAtrazaH samyagupayojayediti ||44||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/45

भवन्ति चात्र- शीतं वीर्येण यद्द्रव्यं मधुरं रसपाकयोः| तयोरम्लं यदुष्णं च यद्द्रव्यं कटुकं तयोः ||४५||

sanskrit

[Veerya (potency)] The substance (drug or diet) which is madhura in rasa and vipaka (biotransformation) is sheeta (cold) in veerya (potency). Likewise, the substance, amla (or katu) in rasa and vipaka, is ushna (hot) in veerya.

english translation

bhavanti cAtra- zItaM vIryeNa yaddravyaM madhuraM rasapAkayoH| tayoramlaM yaduSNaM ca yaddravyaM kaTukaM tayoH ||45||

hk transliteration by Sanscript