Charak Samhita

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प्रत्यक्षपूर्वं त्रिविधं त्रिकालं चानुमीयते| वह्निर्निगूढो धूमेन मैथुनं गर्भदर्शनात् ||२१||

sanskrit

[Anumana (inference)] Inference is preceded by perception and is of three types- past, present and future. For example: fire is inferred from the coming smoke and sexual intercourse from pregnancy - these are inferences drawn from the present and the past respectively.

english translation

pratyakSapUrvaM trividhaM trikAlaM cAnumIyate| vahnirnigUDho dhUmena maithunaM garbhadarzanAt ||21||

hk transliteration

एवं व्यवस्यन्त्यतीतं बीजात् फलमनागतम्| दृष्ट्वा बीजात् फलं जातमिहैव सदृशं बुधाः ||२२||

sanskrit

By looking at a seed, one can infer about the species or genus of the plant or tree and the kind of fruits it would bear. This inference is drawn on the basis of repeated, empirical observation of the plant’s (or tree’s) lifecycle and is an example of inferring (or predicting) the future.

english translation

evaM vyavasyantyatItaM bIjAt phalamanAgatam| dRSTvA bIjAt phalaM jAtamihaiva sadRzaM budhAH ||22||

hk transliteration

जलकर्षणबीजर्तुसंयोगात् सस्यसम्भवः| युक्तिः षड्धातुसंयोगाद्गर्भाणां सम्भवस्तथा ||२३||

sanskrit

[Yukti (reasoning)] Water, ploughed piece of land, seeds and the season in which particular seeds are sown, when combined together, result in a crop. Similarly, combination of six factors (pancha mahabhuta and atman) is responsible for formation of a fetus in the uterus.

english translation

jalakarSaNabIjartusaMyogAt sasyasambhavaH| yuktiH SaDdhAtusaMyogAdgarbhANAM sambhavastathA ||23||

hk transliteration

मथ्यमन्थन(क)मन्थानसंयोगादग्निसम्भवः| युक्तियुक्ता चतुष्पादसम्पद्व्याधिनिबर्हणी ||२४||

sanskrit

Fire is produced by lower-fire-drill, upper-fire drill and the act of drilling or churning done by a person. In a similar manner, the treatment of disease is possible by applying the fourfold therapeutics measures (The vaidya, medicines, paramedical staff, and the patient).

english translation

mathyamanthana(ka)manthAnasaMyogAdagnisambhavaH| yuktiyuktA catuSpAdasampadvyAdhinibarhaNI ||24||

hk transliteration

बुद्धिः पश्यति या भावान् बहुकारणयोगजान्| युक्तिस्त्रिकाला सा ज्ञेया त्रिवर्गः साध्यते यया ||२५||

sanskrit

The intellect perceives things by combination of multiple factors, valid for past, present and future is termed as yukti (reasoning). This is helpful in fulfilling three basic objects of human life (dharma, i.e. duties, wealth, desire).

english translation

buddhiH pazyati yA bhAvAn bahukAraNayogajAn| yuktistrikAlA sA jJeyA trivargaH sAdhyate yayA ||25||

hk transliteration