Charak Samhita

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/7/16

तत्र यद्विशेषतः स्थूलं स्थिरं मूर्तिमद्गुरुखरकठिनमङ्गं नखास्थिदन्तमांसचर्मवर्चःकेशश्मश्रुलोमकण्डरादि तत् पार्थिवं गन्धोघ्राणं च; यद्द्रवसरमन्दस्निग्धमृदुपिच्छिलं रसरुधिरवसाकफपित्तमूत्रस्वेदादि तदाप्यं रसो रसनं च; यत् पित्तमूष्मा च यो या चभाः शरीरे तत् सर्वमाग्नेयं रूपं दर्शनं च; यदुच्छ्वासप्रश्वासोन्मेषनिमेषाकुञ्चनप्रसारणगमनप्रेरणधारणादि तद्वायवीयं स्पर्शःस्पर्शनं च; यद्विविक्तं यदुच्यते महान्ति चाणूनि स्रोतांसि तदान्तरीक्षं शब्दः श्रोत्रं च; यत् प्रयोक्तृ तत् प्रधानं बुद्धिर्मनश्च| इति शरीरावयवसङ्ख्या यथास्थूलभेदेनावयवानां निर्दिष्टा ||१६||

sanskrit

[Panchamahabhautic (basic elemental) consideration of the body constituents] Specific expressions, structures, and organs of the body could be attributed to specific fundamental elements (mahabhutas) that they are made up of and, thus, display the properties of those elements. This verse lists them thus: 1) Bhavas (expressions) of the body, specifically, sthula (solid), sthira (fixed), moortimana (visible), guru (heavy), khara (rough) and kathina (hard) are parthiva (prithvi tattva pradhan, or prithvi predominant properties), and are the qualities of nakha (nails), asthi (bones), danta (teeth), mamsa (muscle), charma (skin), varchas (feces), kesha (hair), smashru (beard), loma (body hair), kandara (tendons). All gandha (smells, olfactory senses) are parthiva (prithvi guna pradhan, i.e., of the qualities of prithvi). 2) Dravyas, especially drava (liquid), sara (slight movable), manda (slow), snigdha (unctuous), mridu (soft), and pichchhil (viscous), are all apya bhava (jala tattva pradhan, or jala predominant properties), and are the properties of bodily constituents such as rasa (plasma), rakta (blood), vasa (muscle fat), kapha, pitta, mutra (urine) and sweda (sweat). Taste (rasa) and all gustatory senses are apya (jala guna pradhan, i.e., are predominantly of the qualities of jala). 3) Those which are in the form of pitta, and possess properties such as ushma (hot, warm), bha (shine or aura around the body), possess rupa (with a visible form) and are associated with vision sense organs are agneya (agni guna pradhan, or predominantly of the qualities of agni). 4) Functions such as uchhwas (inspiration, or breathing in), prashwas (expiration, or breathing out), unmesh (opening of eyes), nimesh (closing of eyes), akunchan (flexion), prasarana (extension), gamana (movement), prerana (expulsion), dharana (retention) and all tactile senses are vayaviya bhava (vayu predominant expressions). 5) Those that are vivikta avayava (structures with space and openings), major and minor srotasas, sound and hearing sensory organs are all akashiya bhava. 6) That which is the owner of all the bhavas and is the user of them, the jeevatma, which is the head (pradhana), the soul. Including the buddhi and manas, these three are the systemic sources for perception of information and development of knowledge in the body. Thus, the key organizing/governing components of body have been described briefly.

english translation

tatra yadvizeSataH sthUlaM sthiraM mUrtimadgurukharakaThinamaGgaM nakhAsthidantamAMsacarmavarcaHkezazmazrulomakaNDarAdi tat pArthivaM gandhoghrANaM ca; yaddravasaramandasnigdhamRdupicchilaM rasarudhiravasAkaphapittamUtrasvedAdi tadApyaM raso rasanaM ca; yat pittamUSmA ca yo yA cabhAH zarIre tat sarvamAgneyaM rUpaM darzanaM ca; yaducchvAsaprazvAsonmeSanimeSAkuJcanaprasAraNagamanapreraNadhAraNAdi tadvAyavIyaM sparzaHsparzanaM ca; yadviviktaM yaducyate mahAnti cANUni srotAMsi tadAntarIkSaM zabdaH zrotraM ca; yat prayoktR tat pradhAnaM buddhirmanazca| iti zarIrAvayavasaGkhyA yathAsthUlabhedenAvayavAnAM nirdiSTA ||16||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/7/16

तत्र यद्विशेषतः स्थूलं स्थिरं मूर्तिमद्गुरुखरकठिनमङ्गं नखास्थिदन्तमांसचर्मवर्चःकेशश्मश्रुलोमकण्डरादि तत् पार्थिवं गन्धोघ्राणं च; यद्द्रवसरमन्दस्निग्धमृदुपिच्छिलं रसरुधिरवसाकफपित्तमूत्रस्वेदादि तदाप्यं रसो रसनं च; यत् पित्तमूष्मा च यो या चभाः शरीरे तत् सर्वमाग्नेयं रूपं दर्शनं च; यदुच्छ्वासप्रश्वासोन्मेषनिमेषाकुञ्चनप्रसारणगमनप्रेरणधारणादि तद्वायवीयं स्पर्शःस्पर्शनं च; यद्विविक्तं यदुच्यते महान्ति चाणूनि स्रोतांसि तदान्तरीक्षं शब्दः श्रोत्रं च; यत् प्रयोक्तृ तत् प्रधानं बुद्धिर्मनश्च| इति शरीरावयवसङ्ख्या यथास्थूलभेदेनावयवानां निर्दिष्टा ||१६||

sanskrit

[Panchamahabhautic (basic elemental) consideration of the body constituents] Specific expressions, structures, and organs of the body could be attributed to specific fundamental elements (mahabhutas) that they are made up of and, thus, display the properties of those elements. This verse lists them thus: 1) Bhavas (expressions) of the body, specifically, sthula (solid), sthira (fixed), moortimana (visible), guru (heavy), khara (rough) and kathina (hard) are parthiva (prithvi tattva pradhan, or prithvi predominant properties), and are the qualities of nakha (nails), asthi (bones), danta (teeth), mamsa (muscle), charma (skin), varchas (feces), kesha (hair), smashru (beard), loma (body hair), kandara (tendons). All gandha (smells, olfactory senses) are parthiva (prithvi guna pradhan, i.e., of the qualities of prithvi). 2) Dravyas, especially drava (liquid), sara (slight movable), manda (slow), snigdha (unctuous), mridu (soft), and pichchhil (viscous), are all apya bhava (jala tattva pradhan, or jala predominant properties), and are the properties of bodily constituents such as rasa (plasma), rakta (blood), vasa (muscle fat), kapha, pitta, mutra (urine) and sweda (sweat). Taste (rasa) and all gustatory senses are apya (jala guna pradhan, i.e., are predominantly of the qualities of jala). 3) Those which are in the form of pitta, and possess properties such as ushma (hot, warm), bha (shine or aura around the body), possess rupa (with a visible form) and are associated with vision sense organs are agneya (agni guna pradhan, or predominantly of the qualities of agni). 4) Functions such as uchhwas (inspiration, or breathing in), prashwas (expiration, or breathing out), unmesh (opening of eyes), nimesh (closing of eyes), akunchan (flexion), prasarana (extension), gamana (movement), prerana (expulsion), dharana (retention) and all tactile senses are vayaviya bhava (vayu predominant expressions). 5) Those that are vivikta avayava (structures with space and openings), major and minor srotasas, sound and hearing sensory organs are all akashiya bhava. 6) That which is the owner of all the bhavas and is the user of them, the jeevatma, which is the head (pradhana), the soul. Including the buddhi and manas, these three are the systemic sources for perception of information and development of knowledge in the body. Thus, the key organizing/governing components of body have been described briefly.

english translation

tatra yadvizeSataH sthUlaM sthiraM mUrtimadgurukharakaThinamaGgaM nakhAsthidantamAMsacarmavarcaHkezazmazrulomakaNDarAdi tat pArthivaM gandhoghrANaM ca; yaddravasaramandasnigdhamRdupicchilaM rasarudhiravasAkaphapittamUtrasvedAdi tadApyaM raso rasanaM ca; yat pittamUSmA ca yo yA cabhAH zarIre tat sarvamAgneyaM rUpaM darzanaM ca; yaducchvAsaprazvAsonmeSanimeSAkuJcanaprasAraNagamanapreraNadhAraNAdi tadvAyavIyaM sparzaHsparzanaM ca; yadviviktaM yaducyate mahAnti cANUni srotAMsi tadAntarIkSaM zabdaH zrotraM ca; yat prayoktR tat pradhAnaM buddhirmanazca| iti zarIrAvayavasaGkhyA yathAsthUlabhedenAvayavAnAM nirdiSTA ||16||

hk transliteration