Charak Samhita

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/5/11

निवृत्तिरपवर्गः; तत् परं प्रशान्तं तत्तदक्षरं तद्ब्रह्म स मोक्षः ||११||

sanskrit

[Moksha (Salvation) and ways and means of attaining it] Disinclination/detachment from worldly affairs is apavarga (salvation). It is the para (the supreme), prashanta (the serene), akshara (the immutable), the Brahman (the super-consciousness), and the moksha (emancipation).

english translation

nivRttirapavargaH; tat paraM prazAntaM tattadakSaraM tadbrahma sa mokSaH ||11||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/5/12

तत्र मुमुक्षूणामुदयनानि व्याख्यास्यामः| तत्र लोकदोषदर्शिनो मुमुक्षोरादित एवाचार्याभिगमनं, तस्योपदेशानुष्ठानम्, अग्नेरेवोपचर्या, धर्मशास्त्रानुगमनं, तदार्थावबोधः,तेनावष्टम्भः, तत्र यथोक्ताः क्रियाः, सतामुपासनम्, असतां परिवर्जनम्, असङ्गतिर्दुर्जनेन, सत्यंसर्वभूतहितमपरुषमनतिकाले परीक्ष्य वचनं, सर्वप्राणिषु चात्मनीवावेक्षा, सर्वासामस्मरणमसङ्कल्पनमप्रार्थनमनभिभाषणं चस्त्रीणां, सर्वपरिग्रहत्यागः, कौपीनं प्रच्छादनार्थं, धातुरागनिवसनं, कन्थासीवनहेतोः सूचीपिप्पलकं, शौचाधानतोर्जलकुण्डिका,दण्डधारणं, भैक्षचर्यार्थं पात्रं, प्राणधारणार्थमेककालमग्राम्यो यथोपपन्नोऽभ्यवहारः, श्रमापनयनार्थंशीर्णशुष्कपर्णतृणास्तरणोपधानं, ध्यानहेतोः कायनिबन्धनं, वनेष्वनिकेतवासः, तन्द्रानिन्द्रालस्यादिकर्मवर्जनं,इन्द्रियार्थेष्वनुरागोपतापनिग्रहः, सुप्तस्थितगतप्रेक्षिता हारविहारप्रत्यङ्गचेष्टादिकेष्वारम्भेषु स्मृतिपूर्विका प्रवृत्तिः,सत्कारस्तुतिगर्हावमानक्षमत्वं, क्षुत्पिपासायासश्रमशीतोष्णवातवर्षासुखदुःखसंस्पर्शसहत्वं,शोकदैन्यमानोद्वेगमदलोभरागेर्ष्याभयक्रोधादिभिरसञ्चलनम्, अहङ्कारादिषूपसर्गसञ्ज्ञा, लोकपुरुषयोःसर्गादिसामान्यावेक्षणं, कार्यकालात्ययभयं, योगारम्भे सततमनिर्वेदः, सत्त्वोत्साहः, अपवर्गाय धीधृतिस्मृतिबलाधानं;नियमनमिन्द्रियाणां चेतसि, चेतस आत्मनि, आत्मनश्च; धातुभेदेन शरीरावयवसङ्ख्यानमभीक्ष्णं, सर्वंकारणवद्दुःखमस्वमनित्यमित्यभ्युपगमः, सर्वप्रवृत्तिष्वघसञ्ज्ञा [६] , सर्वसन्न्यासे सुखमित्यभिनिवेशः; एष मार्गोऽपवर्गाय,अतोऽन्यथा बध्यते; इत्युदयनानि व्याख्यातानि ||१२||

sanskrit

We shall now describe the path and means for attaining emancipation. One who sees defects of the world (and therefore is disenchanted with it) and is desirous of attaining salvation should do the following: 1. Submit to a teacher/ preceptor (who can impart instructions for attaining salvation) 2. Put those instructions to practice 3. Tend to exclusive service to the ceremonial fire; 4. Study the sacred religious scriptures; 5. Understand the meaning of such scriptures; 6. Imbibe the teachings in those scriptures; 7. Mould one’s conduct as prescribed therein; 8. Seek the company of like-minded individuals and saints; 9. Eschew the company of wicked ; 10. Speak statements that are true, useful for all creatures and gentle; such statements should be made after pro¬per examination at appropriate time; 11. View all creatures as if they are like him; 12. Lead life as a celibate, avoiding all contacts - including remembering, thinking, questing and discourse with the opposite sex; 13. Renounce all worldly acquisitions; 14. Retain only the following to sustain one’s life as a seeker of salvation: 14.1. Kaupina ( loin-cloth ); 14.2. Ochre/Saffron coloured dress; 14.3. A needle-case for mending the clothing; 14.4. A water pot for cleansing; 14.5. A medicant’s staff; 14.6. A bowl to collect alms; 14.7. Meal only once-a-day, consisting of wild grains if possible, to sustain one’s life; 14.8. In case of fatigue, shall take rest on bed made of dry leaves, grass, etc.; 14.9. Kayanibandhana (wooden resting plank/arm rest) for aid in meditation; 14.10. Staying lonely in the forest; 14.11. Avoid drowsiness, lassitude, sleep, etc.; 14.12. Avoiding attachment or hatred towards sensory objects (animate or inanimate); 14.13. Introspect (thinking of the nature of one’s Self) while sleeping, seeing, eating, moving one’s limbs, etc.; 14.14. Maintain equanimity and serenity when being praised or insulted, honoured or criticised; 14.15. Tolerate hunger, thirst, physical stress, cold, heat, wind, rains, happiness, misery, and sensory contacts; 14.16. Be unaffected by sorrow, dejection, ego, vanity, greed, attachment, envy, fear, anger, etc.; 14.17. Regard ego as the root cause of all sufferings; 14.18. Observe the similarity between manifestation, etc. of man and the universe 14.19. Be afraid of procrastinations in performing these duties to attain salvation ; 14.20. Never lose one’s inclination to performing yogic practices; 14.21. Be in enthusiastic frame of mind; 14.22. Intellect, restraint and memory should be empowered to attain emancipation; 14.23. Restrain sense organs by means of the mind, the mind by the soul and the soul by itself; 14.24. Constantly (try to know) the body constituents by knowing basic elements and think it is just a matter 14.25. Realise that all worldly objects are painful, transient and not eternal. 14.26. Regard all activities as cause of evil and renunciation of all things is true happiness This is the path to attaining salvation else one finds himself in bondage.

english translation

tatra mumukSUNAmudayanAni vyAkhyAsyAmaH| tatra lokadoSadarzino mumukSorAdita evAcAryAbhigamanaM, tasyopadezAnuSThAnam, agnerevopacaryA, dharmazAstrAnugamanaM, tadArthAvabodhaH,tenAvaSTambhaH, tatra yathoktAH kriyAH, satAmupAsanam, asatAM parivarjanam, asaGgatirdurjanena, satyaMsarvabhUtahitamaparuSamanatikAle parIkSya vacanaM, sarvaprANiSu cAtmanIvAvekSA, sarvAsAmasmaraNamasaGkalpanamaprArthanamanabhibhASaNaM castrINAM, sarvaparigrahatyAgaH, kaupInaM pracchAdanArthaM, dhAturAganivasanaM, kanthAsIvanahetoH sUcIpippalakaM, zaucAdhAnatorjalakuNDikA,daNDadhAraNaM, bhaikSacaryArthaM pAtraM, prANadhAraNArthamekakAlamagrAmyo yathopapanno'bhyavahAraH, zramApanayanArthaMzIrNazuSkaparNatRNAstaraNopadhAnaM, dhyAnahetoH kAyanibandhanaM, vaneSvaniketavAsaH, tandrAnindrAlasyAdikarmavarjanaM,indriyArtheSvanurAgopatApanigrahaH, suptasthitagataprekSitA hAravihArapratyaGgaceSTAdikeSvArambheSu smRtipUrvikA pravRttiH,satkArastutigarhAvamAnakSamatvaM, kSutpipAsAyAsazramazItoSNavAtavarSAsukhaduHkhasaMsparzasahatvaM,zokadainyamAnodvegamadalobharAgerSyAbhayakrodhAdibhirasaJcalanam, ahaGkArAdiSUpasargasaJjJA, lokapuruSayoHsargAdisAmAnyAvekSaNaM, kAryakAlAtyayabhayaM, yogArambhe satatamanirvedaH, sattvotsAhaH, apavargAya dhIdhRtismRtibalAdhAnaM;niyamanamindriyANAM cetasi, cetasa Atmani, Atmanazca; dhAtubhedena zarIrAvayavasaGkhyAnamabhIkSNaM, sarvaMkAraNavadduHkhamasvamanityamityabhyupagamaH, sarvapravRttiSvaghasaJjJA [6] , sarvasannyAse sukhamityabhinivezaH; eSa mArgo'pavargAya,ato'nyathA badhyate; ityudayanAni vyAkhyAtAni ||12||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/5/13

भवन्ति चात्र- एतैरविमलं सत्त्वं शुद्ध्युपायैर्विशुध्यति| मृज्यमान इवादर्शस्तैलचेलकचादिभिः ||१३||

sanskrit

Thus, it is said: By these purifying factors, the vitiated mind gets purified like a mirror is cleansed with the help of brush and cleansing solutions , etc.

english translation

bhavanti cAtra- etairavimalaM sattvaM zuddhyupAyairvizudhyati| mRjyamAna ivAdarzastailacelakacAdibhiH ||13||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/5/14

ग्रहाम्बुदरजोधूमनीहारैरसमावृतम्| यथाऽर्कमण्डलं भाति भाति सत्त्वं तथाऽमलम् ||१४||

sanskrit

Thus, the purified mind shines like the sun’s orb that has emerged out of an eclipse, clouds, dust, smoke and fog.

english translation

grahAmbudarajodhUmanIhArairasamAvRtam| yathA'rkamaNDalaM bhAti bhAti sattvaM tathA'malam ||14||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/5/15

ज्वलत्यात्मनि संरुद्धं तत् सत्त्वं संवृतायने| शुद्धः स्थिरः प्रसन्नार्चिर्दीपो दीपाशये यथा ||१५||

sanskrit

The mind, focused on the soul with its movement obscured, pure and stable, shines as the lamp shines with steady and luminous bright flame in a lamp case.

english translation

jvalatyAtmani saMruddhaM tat sattvaM saMvRtAyane| zuddhaH sthiraH prasannArcirdIpo dIpAzaye yathA ||15||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/5/11

निवृत्तिरपवर्गः; तत् परं प्रशान्तं तत्तदक्षरं तद्ब्रह्म स मोक्षः ||११||

sanskrit

[Moksha (Salvation) and ways and means of attaining it] Disinclination/detachment from worldly affairs is apavarga (salvation). It is the para (the supreme), prashanta (the serene), akshara (the immutable), the Brahman (the super-consciousness), and the moksha (emancipation).

english translation

nivRttirapavargaH; tat paraM prazAntaM tattadakSaraM tadbrahma sa mokSaH ||11||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/5/12

तत्र मुमुक्षूणामुदयनानि व्याख्यास्यामः| तत्र लोकदोषदर्शिनो मुमुक्षोरादित एवाचार्याभिगमनं, तस्योपदेशानुष्ठानम्, अग्नेरेवोपचर्या, धर्मशास्त्रानुगमनं, तदार्थावबोधः,तेनावष्टम्भः, तत्र यथोक्ताः क्रियाः, सतामुपासनम्, असतां परिवर्जनम्, असङ्गतिर्दुर्जनेन, सत्यंसर्वभूतहितमपरुषमनतिकाले परीक्ष्य वचनं, सर्वप्राणिषु चात्मनीवावेक्षा, सर्वासामस्मरणमसङ्कल्पनमप्रार्थनमनभिभाषणं चस्त्रीणां, सर्वपरिग्रहत्यागः, कौपीनं प्रच्छादनार्थं, धातुरागनिवसनं, कन्थासीवनहेतोः सूचीपिप्पलकं, शौचाधानतोर्जलकुण्डिका,दण्डधारणं, भैक्षचर्यार्थं पात्रं, प्राणधारणार्थमेककालमग्राम्यो यथोपपन्नोऽभ्यवहारः, श्रमापनयनार्थंशीर्णशुष्कपर्णतृणास्तरणोपधानं, ध्यानहेतोः कायनिबन्धनं, वनेष्वनिकेतवासः, तन्द्रानिन्द्रालस्यादिकर्मवर्जनं,इन्द्रियार्थेष्वनुरागोपतापनिग्रहः, सुप्तस्थितगतप्रेक्षिता हारविहारप्रत्यङ्गचेष्टादिकेष्वारम्भेषु स्मृतिपूर्विका प्रवृत्तिः,सत्कारस्तुतिगर्हावमानक्षमत्वं, क्षुत्पिपासायासश्रमशीतोष्णवातवर्षासुखदुःखसंस्पर्शसहत्वं,शोकदैन्यमानोद्वेगमदलोभरागेर्ष्याभयक्रोधादिभिरसञ्चलनम्, अहङ्कारादिषूपसर्गसञ्ज्ञा, लोकपुरुषयोःसर्गादिसामान्यावेक्षणं, कार्यकालात्ययभयं, योगारम्भे सततमनिर्वेदः, सत्त्वोत्साहः, अपवर्गाय धीधृतिस्मृतिबलाधानं;नियमनमिन्द्रियाणां चेतसि, चेतस आत्मनि, आत्मनश्च; धातुभेदेन शरीरावयवसङ्ख्यानमभीक्ष्णं, सर्वंकारणवद्दुःखमस्वमनित्यमित्यभ्युपगमः, सर्वप्रवृत्तिष्वघसञ्ज्ञा [६] , सर्वसन्न्यासे सुखमित्यभिनिवेशः; एष मार्गोऽपवर्गाय,अतोऽन्यथा बध्यते; इत्युदयनानि व्याख्यातानि ||१२||

sanskrit

We shall now describe the path and means for attaining emancipation. One who sees defects of the world (and therefore is disenchanted with it) and is desirous of attaining salvation should do the following: 1. Submit to a teacher/ preceptor (who can impart instructions for attaining salvation) 2. Put those instructions to practice 3. Tend to exclusive service to the ceremonial fire; 4. Study the sacred religious scriptures; 5. Understand the meaning of such scriptures; 6. Imbibe the teachings in those scriptures; 7. Mould one’s conduct as prescribed therein; 8. Seek the company of like-minded individuals and saints; 9. Eschew the company of wicked ; 10. Speak statements that are true, useful for all creatures and gentle; such statements should be made after pro¬per examination at appropriate time; 11. View all creatures as if they are like him; 12. Lead life as a celibate, avoiding all contacts - including remembering, thinking, questing and discourse with the opposite sex; 13. Renounce all worldly acquisitions; 14. Retain only the following to sustain one’s life as a seeker of salvation: 14.1. Kaupina ( loin-cloth ); 14.2. Ochre/Saffron coloured dress; 14.3. A needle-case for mending the clothing; 14.4. A water pot for cleansing; 14.5. A medicant’s staff; 14.6. A bowl to collect alms; 14.7. Meal only once-a-day, consisting of wild grains if possible, to sustain one’s life; 14.8. In case of fatigue, shall take rest on bed made of dry leaves, grass, etc.; 14.9. Kayanibandhana (wooden resting plank/arm rest) for aid in meditation; 14.10. Staying lonely in the forest; 14.11. Avoid drowsiness, lassitude, sleep, etc.; 14.12. Avoiding attachment or hatred towards sensory objects (animate or inanimate); 14.13. Introspect (thinking of the nature of one’s Self) while sleeping, seeing, eating, moving one’s limbs, etc.; 14.14. Maintain equanimity and serenity when being praised or insulted, honoured or criticised; 14.15. Tolerate hunger, thirst, physical stress, cold, heat, wind, rains, happiness, misery, and sensory contacts; 14.16. Be unaffected by sorrow, dejection, ego, vanity, greed, attachment, envy, fear, anger, etc.; 14.17. Regard ego as the root cause of all sufferings; 14.18. Observe the similarity between manifestation, etc. of man and the universe 14.19. Be afraid of procrastinations in performing these duties to attain salvation ; 14.20. Never lose one’s inclination to performing yogic practices; 14.21. Be in enthusiastic frame of mind; 14.22. Intellect, restraint and memory should be empowered to attain emancipation; 14.23. Restrain sense organs by means of the mind, the mind by the soul and the soul by itself; 14.24. Constantly (try to know) the body constituents by knowing basic elements and think it is just a matter 14.25. Realise that all worldly objects are painful, transient and not eternal. 14.26. Regard all activities as cause of evil and renunciation of all things is true happiness This is the path to attaining salvation else one finds himself in bondage.

english translation

tatra mumukSUNAmudayanAni vyAkhyAsyAmaH| tatra lokadoSadarzino mumukSorAdita evAcAryAbhigamanaM, tasyopadezAnuSThAnam, agnerevopacaryA, dharmazAstrAnugamanaM, tadArthAvabodhaH,tenAvaSTambhaH, tatra yathoktAH kriyAH, satAmupAsanam, asatAM parivarjanam, asaGgatirdurjanena, satyaMsarvabhUtahitamaparuSamanatikAle parIkSya vacanaM, sarvaprANiSu cAtmanIvAvekSA, sarvAsAmasmaraNamasaGkalpanamaprArthanamanabhibhASaNaM castrINAM, sarvaparigrahatyAgaH, kaupInaM pracchAdanArthaM, dhAturAganivasanaM, kanthAsIvanahetoH sUcIpippalakaM, zaucAdhAnatorjalakuNDikA,daNDadhAraNaM, bhaikSacaryArthaM pAtraM, prANadhAraNArthamekakAlamagrAmyo yathopapanno'bhyavahAraH, zramApanayanArthaMzIrNazuSkaparNatRNAstaraNopadhAnaM, dhyAnahetoH kAyanibandhanaM, vaneSvaniketavAsaH, tandrAnindrAlasyAdikarmavarjanaM,indriyArtheSvanurAgopatApanigrahaH, suptasthitagataprekSitA hAravihArapratyaGgaceSTAdikeSvArambheSu smRtipUrvikA pravRttiH,satkArastutigarhAvamAnakSamatvaM, kSutpipAsAyAsazramazItoSNavAtavarSAsukhaduHkhasaMsparzasahatvaM,zokadainyamAnodvegamadalobharAgerSyAbhayakrodhAdibhirasaJcalanam, ahaGkArAdiSUpasargasaJjJA, lokapuruSayoHsargAdisAmAnyAvekSaNaM, kAryakAlAtyayabhayaM, yogArambhe satatamanirvedaH, sattvotsAhaH, apavargAya dhIdhRtismRtibalAdhAnaM;niyamanamindriyANAM cetasi, cetasa Atmani, Atmanazca; dhAtubhedena zarIrAvayavasaGkhyAnamabhIkSNaM, sarvaMkAraNavadduHkhamasvamanityamityabhyupagamaH, sarvapravRttiSvaghasaJjJA [6] , sarvasannyAse sukhamityabhinivezaH; eSa mArgo'pavargAya,ato'nyathA badhyate; ityudayanAni vyAkhyAtAni ||12||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/5/13

भवन्ति चात्र- एतैरविमलं सत्त्वं शुद्ध्युपायैर्विशुध्यति| मृज्यमान इवादर्शस्तैलचेलकचादिभिः ||१३||

sanskrit

Thus, it is said: By these purifying factors, the vitiated mind gets purified like a mirror is cleansed with the help of brush and cleansing solutions , etc.

english translation

bhavanti cAtra- etairavimalaM sattvaM zuddhyupAyairvizudhyati| mRjyamAna ivAdarzastailacelakacAdibhiH ||13||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/5/14

ग्रहाम्बुदरजोधूमनीहारैरसमावृतम्| यथाऽर्कमण्डलं भाति भाति सत्त्वं तथाऽमलम् ||१४||

sanskrit

Thus, the purified mind shines like the sun’s orb that has emerged out of an eclipse, clouds, dust, smoke and fog.

english translation

grahAmbudarajodhUmanIhArairasamAvRtam| yathA'rkamaNDalaM bhAti bhAti sattvaM tathA'malam ||14||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/5/15

ज्वलत्यात्मनि संरुद्धं तत् सत्त्वं संवृतायने| शुद्धः स्थिरः प्रसन्नार्चिर्दीपो दीपाशये यथा ||१५||

sanskrit

The mind, focused on the soul with its movement obscured, pure and stable, shines as the lamp shines with steady and luminous bright flame in a lamp case.

english translation

jvalatyAtmani saMruddhaM tat sattvaM saMvRtAyane| zuddhaH sthiraH prasannArcirdIpo dIpAzaye yathA ||15||

hk transliteration