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विकृतिःपुनर्लक्षणनिमित्ताच,लक्ष्यनिमित्ताच,निमित्तानुरूपाच ॥६॥
[Types of pathological abnormalities] The pathological conditions are classified as: 1. Lakshana nimitta: pathological appearance based on symptoms 2. Lakshya nimitta : Diseases based upon etiological factors 3. Nimittanurupa: This type of pathology is based on signs resembling with etiological factors.
english translation
तत्र लक्षणनिमित्ता नाम सा यस्याः शरीरे लक्षणान्येव हेतुभूतानि भवन्ति दैवात्; लक्षणानि हि कानिचिच्छरीरोपनिबद्धानि भवन्ति, यानि हि तस्मिंस्तस्मिन् काले तत्राधिष्ठानमासाद्य तां तां विकृतिमुत्पादयन्ति। लक्ष्यनिमित्ता तु सा यस्या उपलभ्यते निमित्तं यथोक्तं निदानेषु। निमित्तानुरूपा तु निमित्तार्थानुकारिणी या, तामनिमित्तां निमित्तमायुषः प्रमाणज्ञानस्येच्छन्ति भिषजो भूयश्चायुषः क्षयनिमित्तां प्रेतेलिङ्गानुरूपां, यामायुषोऽन्तर्गतस्य ज्ञानार्थमुपदिशन्ति धीराः। यां चाधिकृत्य पुरुषसंश्रयाणि मुमूर्षतां लक्षणान्युपदेक्ष्यामः। इत्युद्देशः। तं विस्तरेणानुव्याख्यास्यामः ॥७॥
[Symptom based abnormalities] The first type of pathological conditions are based on symptoms, whose causative factors are pre-determined by destiny in the form of physiognomic signs. Some of these signs may be latent in the body, and appear at particular time in particular parts of body giving rise to particular related morbid conditions. [Etiopathogenesis based abnormalities] The second type of pathological conditions are based on etiological factors which appear as per the etiopathogenesis described (in Nidana Sthana section). [Cause based abnormalities] The third type of pathological conditions is based upon the factors that resemble etiological factors, but in fact, they are not etiological factors in nature. It appear without any apparent cause and indicate the measure of the life-span particularly the signs of imminent death due to decadence of life. The physicians pay due importance to this for the knowledge of life (and death). Based on this, I will explain the signs observed in the person which indicate his imminent death. This is the summary. We shall explain this in detail.
english translation
तत्रादितएववर्णाधिकारः। तद्यथा- कृष्णः, श्यामः, श्यामावदातः, अवदातश्चेति प्रकृतिवर्णाः शरीरस्य भवन्ति; यांश्चापरानुपेक्षमाणो विद्यादनूकतोऽन्यथा वाऽपि निर्दिश्यमानांस्तज्ज्ञैः ॥८॥
[Normal complexion] There are four types of natural complexion – black, dark (blue or brown), dark-fair (blue or brown), fair white, There may some more complexions with combinations of such colors.
english translation
नीलश्यावताम्रहरितशुक्लाश्च वर्णाः शरीरस्य वैकारिका भवन्ति; यांश्चापरानुपेक्षमाणो विद्यात्प्राग्विकृतानभूत्वोत्पन्नान् । इति प्रकृतिविकृतिवर्णा भवन्त्युक्ताः शरीरस्य। तत्र प्रकृतिवर्णमर्धशरीरे विकृतिवर्णमर्धशरीरे, द्वावपि वर्णौ मर्यादाविभक्तौ दृष्ट्वा; यद्येवं सव्यदक्षिणविभागेन, यद्येवंपूर्वपश्चिमविभागेन, यद्युत्तराधरविभागेन, यद्यन्तर्बहिर्विभागेन, आतुरस्यारिष्टमिति विद्यात्; एवमेव वर्णभेदोमुखेऽप्यन्यत्र वर्तमानो मरणाय भवति ॥९॥
[Abnormal complexion] The unnatural or pathological complexions include blue, blackish, coppery, green and snow white. Similarly, there are some other unnatural types of complexion which appear suddenly for unknown reason. These are the normal and abnormal complexions of body. Normal complexion in one half of the body and abnormal complexion in the other half and both are demarcated clearly by a line, same abnormality on left and right side of body, front and back side of body, upper and lower or internal and external parts of the body is considered arishta (near to death signs). Such demarcation abnormality on face and other parts too indicates death.
english translation
वर्णभेदेन ग्लानिहर्षरौक्ष्यस्नेहा व्याख्याताः ॥१०॥
On the same line of differentiation of complexion, malaise and cheerfulness, roughness and unctuousness are described.
english translation