Charak Samhita

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षष्ठे हिक्का, भङ्गः स्कन्धस्य तु सप्तमेऽष्टमे मरणम् | नॄणां, चतुष्पदां स्याच्चतुर्विधः, पक्षिणां त्रिविधः ||२१||

In the sixth stage, the patient suffers from hiccup.; In the seventh stage, the patient suffers from skandha-bhanga (paralysis of the muscles in the shoulder girdle); and In the eighth stage, the patient succumbs to death. The above mentioned eight stages of poisoning are manifested in human beings.[ Stage wise features in animals and birds] In quadruped animals, the effects of poisoning are manifested in four different stages; and in birds, it is manifested in three stages.

english translation

SaSThe hikkA, bhaGgaH skandhasya tu saptame'STame maraNam | nRRNAM, catuSpadAM syAccaturvidhaH, pakSiNAM trividhaH ||21||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

सीदत्याद्ये भ्रमति च, चतुष्पदो वेपते, ततः शून्यः | मन्दाहारो म्रियते श्वासेन हि चतुर्थवेगे तु ||२२||

Four stages of poisoning in animals: 1. In the first stage, the animal gets depression and giddiness; 2. In the second stage, the animal trembles; 3. In the third stage, the animal feels emptiness and it stops eating; and 4. In the fourth stage, the animal dies because of the obstruction to respiration.

english translation

sIdatyAdye bhramati ca, catuSpado vepate, tataH zUnyaH | mandAhAro mriyate zvAsena hi caturthavege tu ||22||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

ध्यायति विहगः प्रथमे वेगे, प्रभ्राम्यति द्वितीये तु | स्रस्ताङ्गश्च तृतीये विषवेगे याति पञ्चत्वम् ||२३||

Three stages of poisoning in birds: 1. In the first stage, the bird gets depressed; 2. In the second stage, the bird gets giddiness; and 3. In the third stage, the bird develops looseness of the limbs resulting in death.

english translation

dhyAyati vihagaH prathame vege, prabhrAmyati dvitIye tu | srastAGgazca tRtIye viSavege yAti paJcatvam ||23||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

लघु रूक्षमाशु विशदं व्यवायि तीक्ष्णं विकासि सूक्ष्मं च | उष्णमनिर्देश्यरसं दशगुणमुक्तं विषं तज्ज्ञैः ||२४||

[Properties of visha and its effect on body] Laghu (lightness for digestion), ruksha (dryness), ashu (rapid), vishada (non sliminess), vyavayi (which pervades whole body before getting digested), tikshna (sharply acting), vikashi (causing looseness of joints by diminution of dhatu),

english translation

laghu rUkSamAzu vizadaM vyavAyi tIkSNaM vikAsi sUkSmaM ca | uSNamanirdezyarasaM dazaguNamuktaM viSaM tajjJaiH ||24||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

रौक्ष्याद्वातमशैत्यात्पित्तं सौक्ष्म्यादसृक् प्रकोपयति | कफमव्यक्तरसत्वादन्नरसांश्चानुवर्तते शीघ्रम् ||२५||

sukshma (subtleness), ushna (hot), and anirdeshya rasa (indistinct taste)- these are the ten properties of poison according to the expert vaidyas. Because of dryness property, vayu gets aggravated; due to hot property, pitta gets vitiated; subtleness leads to vitiation of rakta; Due to avyakta rasa (indistinct taste), kapha is vitiated;

english translation

raukSyAdvAtamazaityAtpittaM saukSmyAdasRk prakopayati | kaphamavyaktarasatvAdannarasAMzcAnuvartate zIghram ||25||

hk transliteration by Sanscript