पातघातादिभिर्द्वेधा भङ्गोऽस्थ्नां सन्ध्यसन्धितः । प्रसारणाकुञ्चनयोरशक्तिः सन्धिमुक्तता ॥ १ ॥
Bones get broken (fractured) from a fall from height, assault etc.; it is of two kinds, a. Sandhigata- localized in the joint and b. Asandhigata – in places other than the joints; inability for expansion (extension) and contraction (flexion etc.) and dislocation of the joint are the features of the first kind;
इतरस्मिन् भृशं शोफः सर्वावस्थास्वतिव्यथा । अशक्तिश्चेष्टितेऽल्पेऽपि पीड्यमाने सशब्दता ॥ २
whereas in the second kind, profound swelling and severe pain in all positions, inability even for slight movement, production of cracking sound on rubbing are the features of fractures in brief.
यत्रास्थिलेशः प्रविशेन्मध्यमस्थ्नो विदारितः । भग्नं यच्चाभिघातेन किञ्चिदेवावशेषितम् ॥ ५ ॥
in which pieces of bones that are broken have entered into the marrow cavity, the fracture which is caused due to injury, the fractured portion of bone is left inside the body,