Arthashastra
Progress:48.4%
कर्म अभिग्रहस् तु मुषित वेश्मनः प्रवेश निष्कसनम् अद्वारेण, द्वारस्य संधिना बीजेन वा वेधम्, उत्तम अगारस्य जाल वात अयन नीप्र वेधम्, आरोहण अवतरणे च कुड्यस्य वेधम्, उपखननं वा गूढ द्रव्य निक्षेपण ग्रहण उपायम्, उपदेश उपलभ्यम् अभ्यन्तरच् छेद उत्कर परिमर्द उपकरणम् अभ्यन्तर कृतं विद्यात् ॥
In cases of house breaking and theft the circumstances, such as entrance and exit effected through other than doors; breaking the door by means of special contrivances breaking the windows with or without lattice work, or pulling off the roof in houses consisting of upstairs, ascending and descending upstairs; breaking the wall; tunnelling; such contrivances as are necessary to carry off the treasure secretly hoarded, information about which can only be gathered from internal sources; these and other accessory circumstances of wear and tear cognisable in the interior shall tend to indicate the concern of internal hands in the crime, and those of reverse nature, external agencies.
english translation
karma abhigrahas tu muSita vezmanaH praveza niSkasanam advAreNa, dvArasya saMdhinA bIjena vA vedham, uttama agArasya jAla vAta ayana nIpra vedham, ArohaNa avataraNe ca kuDyasya vedham, upakhananaM vA gUDha dravya nikSepaNa grahaNa upAyam, upadeza upalabhyam abhyantarac cheda utkara parimarda upakaraNam abhyantara kRtaM vidyAt ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptविपर्यये बाह्य कृतम्, उभयत उभय कृतम् ॥
The blending of these two kinds of circumstances shall indicate both internal and external agencies.
english translation
viparyaye bAhya kRtam, ubhayata ubhaya kRtam ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptअभ्यन्तर कृते पुरुषम् आसन्नं व्यसनिनं क्रूर सहायं तस्कर उपकरण संसर्गं, स्त्रियं वा दरिद्र कुलाम् अन्य प्रसक्तां वा, परिचारक जनं वा तद् विध आचारम्, अतिस्वप्नं, निद्रा क्लान्तम्, आविग्नं शुष्क भिन्न स्वर मुख वर्णम्, अनवस्थितम्, अतिप्रलापिनम्, उच्च आरोहण संरब्ध गात्रं, विलून निघृष्ट भिन्न पाटित शरीर वस्त्रं, जात किण संरब्ध हस्त पादं, पांसु पूर्ण केश नखं विलून भुग्न केश नखं वा, सम्यक् स्नात अनुलिप्तं तैल प्रमृष्ट गात्रं सद्यो दौत हस्त पादं वा, पांसु पिच्छिलेषु तुल्य पाद पद निक्षेपं, प्रवेश निष्कसनयोर् वा तुल्य माल्य मद्य गन्ध वस्त्रच् छेद विलेपन स्वेदं परीक्षेत ॥
Regarding crimes suspected to be the work of internal agencies: Any person of miserable appearance, present on the occasion, associated with rogues or thieves, and possessed of such instruments as are necessary for theft; a woman who is born of a poor family, or has placed her affections elsewhere; servants of similar condemnable character; any person addicted to too much sleep or who is suffering from want of sleep; any person who shows signs of fatigue, or whose face is pale and dry with voice stammering and indistinct and who may be watching the movements of others or bewailing too much; any person whose body bears the signs of scaling heights; any person whose body appears to have been scratched or wounded with dress torn off; any one whose legs and hands bear the signs of rubbing and scratching; any one whose hair and nails are either full of dirt or freshly broken; any one who has just bathed and daubed his body with sandal; any one who has smeared his body with oil and has just washed his hands and legs; any one whose foot-prints can be identified with those made near the house during ingress or egress; any one whose broken fragments of garlands, sandal or dress can be identified with those thrown out in or near the house during entrance or exit; any person the smell of whose sweat or drink can be ascertained from the fragments of his dress thrown out in or near the house;-- these and other persons shall be examined.
english translation
abhyantara kRte puruSam AsannaM vyasaninaM krUra sahAyaM taskara upakaraNa saMsargaM, striyaM vA daridra kulAm anya prasaktAM vA, paricAraka janaM vA tad vidha AcAram, atisvapnaM, nidrA klAntam, AvignaM zuSka bhinna svara mukha varNam, anavasthitam, atipralApinam, ucca ArohaNa saMrabdha gAtraM, vilUna nighRSTa bhinna pATita zarIra vastraM, jAta kiNa saMrabdha hasta pAdaM, pAMsu pUrNa keza nakhaM vilUna bhugna keza nakhaM vA, samyak snAta anuliptaM taila pramRSTa gAtraM sadyo dauta hasta pAdaM vA, pAMsu picchileSu tulya pAda pada nikSepaM, praveza niSkasanayor vA tulya mAlya madya gandha vastrac cheda vilepana svedaM parIkSeta ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptचोरं पारदारिकं वा विद्यात् ॥
A citizen or a person of adulterous habits may also be suspected.
english translation
coraM pAradArikaM vA vidyAt ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptसगोप स्थानिको बाह्यं प्रदेष्टा चोर मार्गणम् । कुर्यान् नागरिकश् च अन्तर् दुर्गे निर्दिष्ट हेतुभिः ॥
A commissioner (pradeshtá) with his retinue of gopas and sthánikas shall take steps to find out external thieves; and the officer in charge of a city (nágaraka) shall, under the circumstances sketched above, try to detect internal thieves inside fortified towns.
english translation
sagopa sthAniko bAhyaM pradeSTA cora mArgaNam । kuryAn nAgarikaz ca antar durge nirdiSTa hetubhiH ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscript1.
कारुक रक्षणम् अर्थात् धोवी रंगरेज, सुनार, वैद्य तथा नट आदि सम्बन्धी नियम
Protection Of Artisans
2.
व्यापारियों से प्रना की रक्षा
Protection Of Merchants
3.
दैवी आत्तियों से प्रजा की रक्षा करने के उपाय
Remedies Against National Calamitie
4.
प्रजा पीडिकों से रक्षा करने के नियम, गुप्तचरों का साधु ज्योतिपी आदि के भेप बनाना
Suppression Of The Wicked Living By Foul Means
5.
तपस्वी जासूसों द्वारा आपराधिक प्रवृत्ति वाले युवाओं का पता लगाना
Detection Of Youths Of Criminal Tendency By Ascetic Spies
चोरों की पहिचान आदि
Seizure Of Criminals On Suspicion Or In The Very Act
7.
आशुमृतक परीक्षा (कतल)
Examination Of Sudden Death
8.
अपराधी और गवाहों का वर्णन
Trial And Torture To Elicit Confessio
9.
राजकमेचारियों के स्थानोंकी पड़ताल
Protection Of All Kinds Of Government Departments
10.
अपराधी को अङ्गं छेदन की सजा
Fines In Lieu Of Mutilation Of Limbs
11.
लड़ाई झगड़ों का वर्णन
Death With Or Without Torture
12.
कन्या संबन्धी अपराधों का वर्णन
Sexual Intercourse With Immature Girls
13.
अभक्ष्य भक्षण के संबंध में राज नियम
Punishment For Violating Justice
Progress:48.4%
कर्म अभिग्रहस् तु मुषित वेश्मनः प्रवेश निष्कसनम् अद्वारेण, द्वारस्य संधिना बीजेन वा वेधम्, उत्तम अगारस्य जाल वात अयन नीप्र वेधम्, आरोहण अवतरणे च कुड्यस्य वेधम्, उपखननं वा गूढ द्रव्य निक्षेपण ग्रहण उपायम्, उपदेश उपलभ्यम् अभ्यन्तरच् छेद उत्कर परिमर्द उपकरणम् अभ्यन्तर कृतं विद्यात् ॥
In cases of house breaking and theft the circumstances, such as entrance and exit effected through other than doors; breaking the door by means of special contrivances breaking the windows with or without lattice work, or pulling off the roof in houses consisting of upstairs, ascending and descending upstairs; breaking the wall; tunnelling; such contrivances as are necessary to carry off the treasure secretly hoarded, information about which can only be gathered from internal sources; these and other accessory circumstances of wear and tear cognisable in the interior shall tend to indicate the concern of internal hands in the crime, and those of reverse nature, external agencies.
english translation
karma abhigrahas tu muSita vezmanaH praveza niSkasanam advAreNa, dvArasya saMdhinA bIjena vA vedham, uttama agArasya jAla vAta ayana nIpra vedham, ArohaNa avataraNe ca kuDyasya vedham, upakhananaM vA gUDha dravya nikSepaNa grahaNa upAyam, upadeza upalabhyam abhyantarac cheda utkara parimarda upakaraNam abhyantara kRtaM vidyAt ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptविपर्यये बाह्य कृतम्, उभयत उभय कृतम् ॥
The blending of these two kinds of circumstances shall indicate both internal and external agencies.
english translation
viparyaye bAhya kRtam, ubhayata ubhaya kRtam ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptअभ्यन्तर कृते पुरुषम् आसन्नं व्यसनिनं क्रूर सहायं तस्कर उपकरण संसर्गं, स्त्रियं वा दरिद्र कुलाम् अन्य प्रसक्तां वा, परिचारक जनं वा तद् विध आचारम्, अतिस्वप्नं, निद्रा क्लान्तम्, आविग्नं शुष्क भिन्न स्वर मुख वर्णम्, अनवस्थितम्, अतिप्रलापिनम्, उच्च आरोहण संरब्ध गात्रं, विलून निघृष्ट भिन्न पाटित शरीर वस्त्रं, जात किण संरब्ध हस्त पादं, पांसु पूर्ण केश नखं विलून भुग्न केश नखं वा, सम्यक् स्नात अनुलिप्तं तैल प्रमृष्ट गात्रं सद्यो दौत हस्त पादं वा, पांसु पिच्छिलेषु तुल्य पाद पद निक्षेपं, प्रवेश निष्कसनयोर् वा तुल्य माल्य मद्य गन्ध वस्त्रच् छेद विलेपन स्वेदं परीक्षेत ॥
Regarding crimes suspected to be the work of internal agencies: Any person of miserable appearance, present on the occasion, associated with rogues or thieves, and possessed of such instruments as are necessary for theft; a woman who is born of a poor family, or has placed her affections elsewhere; servants of similar condemnable character; any person addicted to too much sleep or who is suffering from want of sleep; any person who shows signs of fatigue, or whose face is pale and dry with voice stammering and indistinct and who may be watching the movements of others or bewailing too much; any person whose body bears the signs of scaling heights; any person whose body appears to have been scratched or wounded with dress torn off; any one whose legs and hands bear the signs of rubbing and scratching; any one whose hair and nails are either full of dirt or freshly broken; any one who has just bathed and daubed his body with sandal; any one who has smeared his body with oil and has just washed his hands and legs; any one whose foot-prints can be identified with those made near the house during ingress or egress; any one whose broken fragments of garlands, sandal or dress can be identified with those thrown out in or near the house during entrance or exit; any person the smell of whose sweat or drink can be ascertained from the fragments of his dress thrown out in or near the house;-- these and other persons shall be examined.
english translation
abhyantara kRte puruSam AsannaM vyasaninaM krUra sahAyaM taskara upakaraNa saMsargaM, striyaM vA daridra kulAm anya prasaktAM vA, paricAraka janaM vA tad vidha AcAram, atisvapnaM, nidrA klAntam, AvignaM zuSka bhinna svara mukha varNam, anavasthitam, atipralApinam, ucca ArohaNa saMrabdha gAtraM, vilUna nighRSTa bhinna pATita zarIra vastraM, jAta kiNa saMrabdha hasta pAdaM, pAMsu pUrNa keza nakhaM vilUna bhugna keza nakhaM vA, samyak snAta anuliptaM taila pramRSTa gAtraM sadyo dauta hasta pAdaM vA, pAMsu picchileSu tulya pAda pada nikSepaM, praveza niSkasanayor vA tulya mAlya madya gandha vastrac cheda vilepana svedaM parIkSeta ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptचोरं पारदारिकं वा विद्यात् ॥
A citizen or a person of adulterous habits may also be suspected.
english translation
coraM pAradArikaM vA vidyAt ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptसगोप स्थानिको बाह्यं प्रदेष्टा चोर मार्गणम् । कुर्यान् नागरिकश् च अन्तर् दुर्गे निर्दिष्ट हेतुभिः ॥
A commissioner (pradeshtá) with his retinue of gopas and sthánikas shall take steps to find out external thieves; and the officer in charge of a city (nágaraka) shall, under the circumstances sketched above, try to detect internal thieves inside fortified towns.
english translation
sagopa sthAniko bAhyaM pradeSTA cora mArgaNam । kuryAn nAgarikaz ca antar durge nirdiSTa hetubhiH ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscript