Arthashastra
Progress:2.3%
पश्चिमं च एषां करणम् आदेश आधिवर्जं श्रद्धेयम् ॥ इति व्यवहार स्थापना ।
Such agreements with the exception of orders (Adesa=probably a bill of exchange) and hypothecations may be binding though entered into by a third person. Thus the determination of the forms of agreement.
english translation
pazcimaM ca eSAM karaNam Adeza AdhivarjaM zraddheyam ॥ iti vyavahAra sthApanA ।
hk transliteration by Sanscriptसंवत्सरम् ऋतुं मासं पक्षं दिवसं करणम् अधिकरणम् ऋणं वेदक आवेदकयोः कृत समर्थ अवस्थयोर् देश ग्राम जाति गोत्र नाम कर्माणि च अभिलिख्य वादि प्रतिवादि प्रश्नान् अर्थ आनुपूर्व्या निवेशयेत् ॥
(The Trial.) The year, the season, the month, the fortnight (paksha), the date, the nature and place of the deed, the amount of the debt as well as the country, the residence, the caste, the gotra, the name and occupation of both the plaintiff and the defendant both of whom must be fit to sue and defend (kritasamarthávasthayoh), having been registered first, the statements of the parties shall be taken down in such order as is required by the case. These statements shall then be thoroughly scrutinised.
english translation
saMvatsaram RtuM mAsaM pakSaM divasaM karaNam adhikaraNam RNaM vedaka AvedakayoH kRta samartha avasthayor deza grAma jAti gotra nAma karmANi ca abhilikhya vAdi prativAdi praznAn artha AnupUrvyA nivezayet ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptनिविष्टांश् च अवेक्षेत ॥
(The offence of Parokta.)
english translation
niviSTAMz ca avekSeta ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptनिबद्धं वादम् उत्सृज्य अन्यं वादं संक्रामति, पूर्व उक्तं पश्चिमेन अर्थेन न अभिसंधत्ते, पर वाक्यम् अनभिग्राह्यम् अभिग्राह्य अवतिष्ठते, प्रतिज्ञाय देशं निर्दिश इत्य् उक्ते न निर्दिशति, हीन देशम् अदेशं वा निर्दिशति, निर्दिष्टाद् देशाद् अन्यं देशम् उपस्थापयति, उपस्थिते देशे अर्थ वचनं न एवम् इत्य् अपव्ययते, साक्षिभिर् अवधृतं न इच्छति, असम्भाष्ये देशे साक्षिभिर् मिथः सम्भाषते, इति परा उक्त हेतवः ॥
Leaving out the question at issue, either of the parties takes resort to another; his previous statement is not consistent with his subsequent one; he insists on the necessity of considering the opinion of a third person, though it is not worthy of any such consideration; having commenced to answer the question at issue, he breaks off at once, even though he is ordered to continue; he introduces questions other than those specified by himself; he withdraws his own statement; he does not accept what his own witnesses have deposed to; and he holds secret conversation with his witnesses where he ought not to do so.
english translation
nibaddhaM vAdam utsRjya anyaM vAdaM saMkrAmati, pUrva uktaM pazcimena arthena na abhisaMdhatte, para vAkyam anabhigrAhyam abhigrAhya avatiSThate, pratijJAya dezaM nirdiza ity ukte na nirdizati, hIna dezam adezaM vA nirdizati, nirdiSTAd dezAd anyaM dezam upasthApayati, upasthite deze artha vacanaM na evam ity apavyayate, sAkSibhir avadhRtaM na icchati, asambhASye deze sAkSibhir mithaH sambhASate, iti parA ukta hetavaH ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptपरा उक्त दण्डः पञ्च बन्धः ॥
These constitute the offence of Parokta. (Punishment for Parokta.) Fine for parokta is five times the amount (paroktadandah panchabandah).
english translation
parA ukta daNDaH paJca bandhaH ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptदीवानी और फौजदारी
Determination Of Forms Of Agreement; Determination Of Legal Disputes.
2.
विवाह कानून
Concerning Marriage. The Duty Of Marriage, The Property Of A Woman, And Compensations For Remarriage.
3.
स्त्रीधर्म
The Duty Of A Wife; Maintenance Of A Woman; Cruelty To Women; Enmity Between Husband And Wife; A Wife's Transgression; Her Kindness To Another; And Forbidden Transactions.
4.
भ्रमण और पलायन
Vagrancy, Elopement And Short And Long Sojournments.
5.
मुकदमे संबंधी विचार
Division Of Inheritance.
6.
दायभाग
Special Shares In Inheritance.
7.
बटवारा
Distinction Between Sons.
8.
भवन
Buildings.
9.
वस्तु विक्रय
Sale Of Buildings, Boundary Disputes, Determination Of Boundaries, And Miscellaneous Hindrances.
10.
पशुवों के चारागाह आदि
Destruction Of Pasture-Lands, Fields And Roads, And Non-Performance Of Agreements.
11.
कर्ज लेना और देना
Recovery Of Debts.
12.
धरोहर
Concerning Deposits.
13.
मजदूरों का विपय
Rules Regarding Slaves And Labourers.
14.
श्रमसहकार
Rules Regarding Labourers; And Co-Operative Undertaking.
15.
वेचने और नहीं बेचने सम्बन्धी वाद विवाद
Rescission Of Purchase And Sale.
16.
स्वामित्व और उपहार-वापसी
Resumption Of Gifts, Sale Without Ownership And Ownership.
17.
डकैती
Robbery.
18.
गाली गलौज
Defamation.
19.
मारपीट
Assault.
20.
जुआ तथा अन्य अपराधों का वर्णन
Gambling And Betting And Miscellaneous Offences.
Progress:2.3%
पश्चिमं च एषां करणम् आदेश आधिवर्जं श्रद्धेयम् ॥ इति व्यवहार स्थापना ।
Such agreements with the exception of orders (Adesa=probably a bill of exchange) and hypothecations may be binding though entered into by a third person. Thus the determination of the forms of agreement.
english translation
pazcimaM ca eSAM karaNam Adeza AdhivarjaM zraddheyam ॥ iti vyavahAra sthApanA ।
hk transliteration by Sanscriptसंवत्सरम् ऋतुं मासं पक्षं दिवसं करणम् अधिकरणम् ऋणं वेदक आवेदकयोः कृत समर्थ अवस्थयोर् देश ग्राम जाति गोत्र नाम कर्माणि च अभिलिख्य वादि प्रतिवादि प्रश्नान् अर्थ आनुपूर्व्या निवेशयेत् ॥
(The Trial.) The year, the season, the month, the fortnight (paksha), the date, the nature and place of the deed, the amount of the debt as well as the country, the residence, the caste, the gotra, the name and occupation of both the plaintiff and the defendant both of whom must be fit to sue and defend (kritasamarthávasthayoh), having been registered first, the statements of the parties shall be taken down in such order as is required by the case. These statements shall then be thoroughly scrutinised.
english translation
saMvatsaram RtuM mAsaM pakSaM divasaM karaNam adhikaraNam RNaM vedaka AvedakayoH kRta samartha avasthayor deza grAma jAti gotra nAma karmANi ca abhilikhya vAdi prativAdi praznAn artha AnupUrvyA nivezayet ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptनिविष्टांश् च अवेक्षेत ॥
(The offence of Parokta.)
english translation
niviSTAMz ca avekSeta ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptनिबद्धं वादम् उत्सृज्य अन्यं वादं संक्रामति, पूर्व उक्तं पश्चिमेन अर्थेन न अभिसंधत्ते, पर वाक्यम् अनभिग्राह्यम् अभिग्राह्य अवतिष्ठते, प्रतिज्ञाय देशं निर्दिश इत्य् उक्ते न निर्दिशति, हीन देशम् अदेशं वा निर्दिशति, निर्दिष्टाद् देशाद् अन्यं देशम् उपस्थापयति, उपस्थिते देशे अर्थ वचनं न एवम् इत्य् अपव्ययते, साक्षिभिर् अवधृतं न इच्छति, असम्भाष्ये देशे साक्षिभिर् मिथः सम्भाषते, इति परा उक्त हेतवः ॥
Leaving out the question at issue, either of the parties takes resort to another; his previous statement is not consistent with his subsequent one; he insists on the necessity of considering the opinion of a third person, though it is not worthy of any such consideration; having commenced to answer the question at issue, he breaks off at once, even though he is ordered to continue; he introduces questions other than those specified by himself; he withdraws his own statement; he does not accept what his own witnesses have deposed to; and he holds secret conversation with his witnesses where he ought not to do so.
english translation
nibaddhaM vAdam utsRjya anyaM vAdaM saMkrAmati, pUrva uktaM pazcimena arthena na abhisaMdhatte, para vAkyam anabhigrAhyam abhigrAhya avatiSThate, pratijJAya dezaM nirdiza ity ukte na nirdizati, hIna dezam adezaM vA nirdizati, nirdiSTAd dezAd anyaM dezam upasthApayati, upasthite deze artha vacanaM na evam ity apavyayate, sAkSibhir avadhRtaM na icchati, asambhASye deze sAkSibhir mithaH sambhASate, iti parA ukta hetavaH ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptपरा उक्त दण्डः पञ्च बन्धः ॥
These constitute the offence of Parokta. (Punishment for Parokta.) Fine for parokta is five times the amount (paroktadandah panchabandah).
english translation
parA ukta daNDaH paJca bandhaH ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscript