Arthashastra

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1

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/3/1

चतुर्दिशं जन पद अन्ते साम्परायिकं दैव कृतं दुर्गं कारयेत्, अन्तर् द्वीपं स्थलं वा निम्न अवरुद्धम् औदकम्, प्रास्तरं गुहां वा पार्वतम्, निरुदक स्तम्बम् इरिणं वा धान्वनम्, खञ्जन उदकं स्तम्ब गहनं वा वन दुर्गम् ॥

ON all the four quarters of the boundaries of the kingdom, defensive fortifications against an enemy in war shall be constructed on grounds best fitted for the purpose: a water-fortification (audaka) such as an island in the midst of a river, or a plain surrounded by low ground; a mountainous fortification (párvata) such as a rocky tract or a cave; a desert (dhánvana) such as a wild tract devoid of water and overgrown with thicket growing in barren soil; or a forest fortification (vanadurga) full of wagtail (khajana), water and thickets.

english translation

caturdizaM jana pada ante sAmparAyikaM daiva kRtaM durgaM kArayet, antar dvIpaM sthalaM vA nimna avaruddham audakam, prAstaraM guhAM vA pArvatam, nirudaka stambam iriNaM vA dhAnvanam, khaJjana udakaM stamba gahanaM vA vana durgam ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

2

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/3/2

तेषां नदी पर्वत दुर्गं जन पद आरक्ष स्थानम्, धान्वन वन दुर्गम् अटवी स्थानम् आपद्य् अपसारो वा ॥

Of these, water and mountain fortifications are best suited to defend populous centres; and desert and forest fortifications are habitations in wilderness (atavísthánam).

english translation

teSAM nadI parvata durgaM jana pada ArakSa sthAnam, dhAnvana vana durgam aTavI sthAnam Apady apasAro vA ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

3

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/3/3

जन पद मध्ये समुदय स्थानं स्थानीयं निवेशयेत्, वास्तुक प्रशस्ते देशे नदी सङ्गमे ह्रदस्य अविशोषस्य अङ्के सरसस् तटाकस्य वा, वृत्तं दीर्घं चतुर् अश्रं वा वास्तु वशेन वा प्रदक्षिण उदकं पण्य पुट भेदनम् अंसपथ वारि पथाभ्याम् उपेतम् ॥

Or with ready preparations for flight the king may have his fortified capital (stháníya) as the seat of his sovereignty (samudayásthánam) in the centre of his kingdom: in a locality naturally best fitted for the purpose, such as the bank of the confluence of rivers, a deep pool of perennial water, or of a lake or tank, a fort, circular, rectangular, or square in form, surrounded with an artificial canal of water, and connected with both land and water paths (may be constructed).

english translation

jana pada madhye samudaya sthAnaM sthAnIyaM nivezayet, vAstuka prazaste deze nadI saGgame hradasya avizoSasya aGke sarasas taTAkasya vA, vRttaM dIrghaM catur azraM vA vAstu vazena vA pradakSiNa udakaM paNya puTa bhedanam aMsapatha vAri pathAbhyAm upetam ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

4

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/3/4

तस्य परिखास् तिस्रो दण्ड अन्तराः कारयेत् चतुर्दश द्वादश दश इति दण्डान् विस्तीर्णाः, विस्ताराद् अवगाढाः पाद ऊनम् अर्धं वा, त्रिभाग मूलाः, मूल चतुर् अश्रा वा, पाषाण उपहिताः पाषाण इष्टका बद्ध पार्श्वा वा, तोय अन्तिकीर् आगन्तु तोय पूर्णा वा सपरिवाहाः पद्म ग्राहवतीश् च ॥

Round this fort, three ditches with an intermediate space of one danda from each other, fourteen, twelve and ten dandas respectively in width, with depth less by one quarter or by one-half of their width, square at their bottom and one-third as wide as at their top, with sides built of stones or bricks, filled with perennial flowing water or with water drawn from some other source, and possessing crocodiles and lotus plants shall be constructed.

english translation

tasya parikhAs tisro daNDa antarAH kArayet caturdaza dvAdaza daza iti daNDAn vistIrNAH, vistArAd avagADhAH pAda Unam ardhaM vA, tribhAga mUlAH, mUla catur azrA vA, pASANa upahitAH pASANa iSTakA baddha pArzvA vA, toya antikIr Agantu toya pUrNA vA saparivAhAH padma grAhavatIz ca ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

5

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/3/5

चतुर्दण्ड अपकृष्टं परिखायाः षड्दण्ड उच्छ्रितम् अवरुद्धं तद् द्विगुण विष्कम्भं खाताद् वप्रं कारयेद् ऊर्ध्व चयं मञ्च पृष्ठं कुम्भ कुक्षिकं वा हस्तिभिर् गोभिश् च क्षुण्णं कण्टकि गुल्म विष वल्ली प्रतानवन्तम् ॥

At a distance of four dandas (24 ft.) from the (innermost) ditch, a rampart six dandas high and twice as much broad shall be erected by heaping mud upwards and by making it square at the bottom, oval at the centre pressed by the trampling of elephants and bulls, and planted with thorny and poisonous plants in bushes. Gaps in the rampart shall be filled up with fresh earth.

english translation

caturdaNDa apakRSTaM parikhAyAH SaDdaNDa ucchritam avaruddhaM tad dviguNa viSkambhaM khAtAd vapraM kArayed Urdhva cayaM maJca pRSThaM kumbha kukSikaM vA hastibhir gobhiz ca kSuNNaM kaNTaki gulma viSa vallI pratAnavantam ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

Chapter 2

Verses 16-20

Chapter 3

Verses 6-10