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Arthashastra

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siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/3/1

चतुर्दिशं जन पद अन्ते साम्परायिकं दैव कृतं दुर्गं कारयेत्, अन्तर् द्वीपं स्थलं वा निम्न अवरुद्धम् औदकम्, प्रास्तरं गुहां वा पार्वतम्, निरुदक स्तम्बम् इरिणं वा धान्वनम्, खञ्जन उदकं स्तम्ब गहनं वा वन दुर्गम् ॥

ON all the four quarters of the boundaries of the kingdom, defensive fortifications against an enemy in war shall be constructed on grounds best fitted for the purpose: a water-fortification (audaka) such as an island in the midst of a river, or a plain surrounded by low ground; a mountainous fortification (párvata) such as a rocky tract or a cave; a desert (dhánvana) such as a wild tract devoid of water and overgrown with thicket growing in barren soil; or a forest fortification (vanadurga) full of wagtail (khajana), water and thickets.

english translation

Chapter 3

Verse 2