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Arthashastra

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लुब्धक श्व गणिभिर् अपास्तस् तेन अव्याल पराबाध भयम् ऋतु विभक्तम् अरण्यं चारयेयुः ॥

They shall graze the herds in forests which are severally allotted as pasture grounds for various seasons and from which thieves, tigers and other molesting beasts are driven away by hunters aided by their hounds.

english translation

सर्प व्याल त्रासन अर्थं गो चर अनुपात ज्ञान अर्थं च त्रस्नूनां घण्टा तूर्यं च बध्नीयुः ॥

With a view to scare out snakes and tigers and as a definite means of knowing the whereabouts of herds, sounding bells shall be attached to (the neck of) timid cattle.

english translation

सम व्यूढ तीर्थम् अकर्दम ग्राहम् उदकम् अवतारयेयुः पालयेयुश् च ॥

Cowherds shall allow their cattle to enter into such rivers or lakes as are of equal depth all round, broad, and free from mire and crocodiles, and shall protect them from dangers under such circumstances.

english translation

स्तेन व्याल सर्प ग्राह गृहीतं व्याधि जरा अवसन्नं च आवेदयेयुः, अन्यथा रूप मूल्यं भजेरन् ॥

Whenever an animal is caught hold of by a thief, a tiger, a snake, or a crocodile, or when it is too infirm owing to age or disease, they shall make a report of it; otherwise they shall be compelled to make good the loss.

english translation

कारण मृतस्य अङ्क चर्म गो महिषस्य, कर्ण लक्षणम् अज अविकानाम्, पुच्छम् अङ्क चर्म च अश्व खर उष्ट्राणाम्, बाल चर्म बस्ति पित्त स्नायु दन्त खुर शृङ्ग अस्थीनि च आहरेयुः ॥

When an animal dies a natural death, they shall surrender the skin with the brand mark, if it is a cow or a buffalo; the skin together with the ear (karnalakshanam) if it is a goat or sheep; the tail with the skin containing the brand mark, if it is an ass or a camel; the skin, if it is a young one; besides the above, (they shall also restore) the fat (vasti), bile, marrow (snáyu), teeth, hoofs, horns, and bones.

english translation