Arthashastra

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सूना अध्यक्षः प्रदिष्ट अभयानाम् अभय वन वासिनां च मृग पशु पक्षि मत्स्यानां बन्ध वध हिंसायाम् उत्तमं दण्डं कारयेत्, कुटुम्बिनाम् अभय वन परिग्रहेषु मध्यमम् ॥

WHEN a person entraps, kills, or molests deer, bison, birds, and fish which are declared to be under State protection or which live in forests under State-protection (abhayáranya), he shall be punished with the highest amercement. Householders trespassing in forest preserves shall be punished with the middlemost amercement.

english translation

sUnA adhyakSaH pradiSTa abhayAnAm abhaya vana vAsinAM ca mRga pazu pakSi matsyAnAM bandha vadha hiMsAyAm uttamaM daNDaM kArayet, kuTumbinAm abhaya vana parigraheSu madhyamam ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

अप्रवृत्त वधानां मत्स्य पक्षिणां बन्ध वध हिंसायां पाद ऊन सप्त विंशति पणम् अत्ययं कुर्यात्, मृग पशूनां द्वि गुणम् ॥

When a person entraps, kills, or molests either fish or birds that do not prey upon other animals, he shall be fined 26¾ panas; and when he does the same to deer and other beasts, he shall be fined twice as much.

english translation

apravRtta vadhAnAM matsya pakSiNAM bandha vadha hiMsAyAM pAda Una sapta viMzati paNam atyayaM kuryAt, mRga pazUnAM dvi guNam ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

प्रवृत्त हिंसानाम् अपरिगृहीतानां षड् भागं गृह्णीयात्, मत्स्य पक्षिणां दश भागं वा अधिकम्, मृग पशूनां शुल्कं वा अधिकम् ॥

Of beasts of prey that have been captured, the Superintendent shall take one-sixth; of fish and birds (of similar nature), he shall take one-tenth or more than one-tenth; and of deer and other beasts (mrigapasu), one-tenth or more than one-tenth as toll.

english translation

pravRtta hiMsAnAm aparigRhItAnAM SaD bhAgaM gRhNIyAt, matsya pakSiNAM daza bhAgaM vA adhikam, mRga pazUnAM zulkaM vA adhikam ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

पक्षि मृगाणां जीवत् षड् भागम् अभय वनेषु प्रमुञ्चेत् ॥

One-sixth of live animals such as birds and beasts shall be let off in forests under State-protection.

english translation

pakSi mRgANAM jIvat SaD bhAgam abhaya vaneSu pramuJcet ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

सामुद्र हस्त्य् अश्व पुरुष वृष गर्दभ आकृतयो मत्स्याः सारसा न आदेयास् तटाक कुल्या उद्भवा वा क्रौञ्च उत्क्रोशक दात्यूह हंस चक्रवाक जीवन् जीवक भृङ्ग राज चकोर मत्त कोकिल मयूर शुक मदन शारिका विहार पक्षिणो मङ्गल्याश् च अन्ये अपि प्राणिनः पक्षि मृगा हिंसा बाधेभ्यो रक्ष्याः ॥

Elephants, horses or animals having the form of a man, bull or an ass living in oceans as well as fish in tanks, lakes, channels and rivers; and such game-birds as krauncha (a kind of heron), utkrosaka (osprey), dátyúha (a sort of cuckoo), hamsa (flamingo), chakraváka (a brahmany duck), jivanjívaka (a kind of pheasant), bhringarája (Lanius Malabaricus), chakora (partridge), mattakokila (cuckoo), peacock, parrot, and maina (madanasárika) as well as other auspicious animals, whether birds or beasts, shall be protected from all kinds of molestations.

english translation

sAmudra hasty azva puruSa vRSa gardabha AkRtayo matsyAH sArasA na AdeyAs taTAka kulyA udbhavA vA krauJca utkrozaka dAtyUha haMsa cakravAka jIvan jIvaka bhRGga rAja cakora matta kokila mayUra zuka madana zArikA vihAra pakSiNo maGgalyAz ca anye api prANinaH pakSi mRgA hiMsA bAdhebhyo rakSyAH ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript