Surya Siddhanta
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चलकर्णहृतम् भुक्तौ कर्णे त्रिज्याधिके धनम् । ऋणम् ऊने +अधिके प्रोज्झ्य शेषम् वक्रगतिर् भवेत् ॥
Divide the product by the (said) 2nd hypothenuse, add the quotient (to the manda-sphuṭa motion of the planet) when the 2nd hypothenuse is greater than the radius;[1] but when it is less than the radius subtract the quotient (from the manda-sphuṭa motion, the result will be the true motion of the planet). (But in the latter case), if the quotient be greater (than the manda-sphuṭa motion,) subtract (the manda-sphuṭa motion from the quotient); the remainder will be the retrograde motion of the planet.
english translation
calakarNahRtam bhuktau karNe trijyAdhike dhanam । RNam Une +adhike projjhya zeSam vakragatir bhavet ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptदूरस्थितः स्वशीघ्रोच्चाद् ग्रहः शिथिलरश्मिभिः। सव्येतराकृष्ततनुर् भवेत् वक्रगतिस् तदा॥
When a planet is at a great distance (more than 3 signs) from its Śíghrochcha and (therefore) its body is attracted by the loose reins (borne by the Śíghrochcha,) to its left or right, then the planet's motion becomes retrograde.
english translation
dUrasthitaH svazIghroccAd grahaH zithilarazmibhiH। savyetarAkRStatanur bhavet vakragatis tadA॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptकृतर्तुचन्द्रैर् वेदेन्द्रैः शून्यत्र्येकैर् गुणाष्टभिः।(१६४, १४४, १३०, ८३) शररुद्रैश् चतुर्थेषु केन्द्राम्शैर् भूसुतादयः॥(११५)
The planets Mars, and others (i. e. Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus and Saturn) get the retrograde motion about the same time when the degrees of (their 2nd) Kendras, found in the 4th operation, are equal to 164, 144, 130, 83 and 115 (respectively): . -
english translation
kRtartucandrair vedendraiH zUnyatryekair guNASTabhiH।(164, 144, 130, 83) zararudraiz caturtheSu kendrAmzair bhUsutAdayaH॥(115)
hk transliteration by Sanscriptभवन्ति वक्रिणस् तैस् तु स्वैः स्वैश् चक्राद् विशोधितैः। अवशिष्टाम्शतुल्यैः स्वैः केन्द्रैर् उज्झन्ति वक्रताम् ॥
- and when the degrees of (their 2nd) Kendras are equal to the remainders (196, 216, 230, 197 and 245,) found by subtracting the (said) numbers (164, 144, 130, 163 and 115,) from 360° (separately,) the planets leave their retrogression.
english translation
bhavanti vakriNas tais tu svaiH svaiz cakrAd vizodhitaiH। avaziSTAmzatulyaiH svaiH kendrair ujjhanti vakratAm ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptमहत्त्वाच् छीघ्रपरिधेः सप्तमे भृगुभूसुतौ। अष्टमे जीवशशैजौ नवमे तु शनैश्चरः॥
Venus and Mars (leave their retrogression about the same time) when (their 2nd Kendra) is equal to 7 signs, on account of the greatness (of the rectified dimension) of their 2nd epicycle: so Jupiter and Mercury (leave their retrogression) when (their 2nd Kendra)=8 signs, and Saturn leaves its retrogression when (its 2nd Kendra)=9 signs.
english translation
mahattvAc chIghraparidheH saptame bhRgubhUsutau। aSTame jIvazazaijau navame tu zanaizcaraH॥
hk transliteration by Sanscript