Surya Siddhanta
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शिलातले +अम्बुसम्शुद्धे वज्रलेपे +अपि वा समे। तत्र शङ्क्वङ्गुलैर् इष्टैः समम् मण्डलम् आलिखेत् ॥
On the surface of a stone levelled with water or on the levelled floor of chunam work, describe a circle with a radius of a certain number of digits.
english translation
zilAtale +ambusamzuddhe vajralepe +api vA same। tatra zaGkvaGgulair iSTaiH samam maNDalam Alikhet ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptतन्मध्ये स्थापयेच् छङ्कुम् कल्पनाद्वादशाङ्गुलम् । तच्छायाग्रम् स्पृशेद् यत्र वृत्ते पूर्वापरार्धयोः॥
Place the vertical Gnomon of 12 digits at its centre and mark the two points where the shadow (of the Gnomon) before and after noon meets the circumference of the circle; these two points are called the west and the east points (respectively).
english translation
tanmadhye sthApayec chaGkum kalpanAdvAdazAGgulam । tacchAyAgram spRzed yatra vRtte pUrvAparArdhayoH॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptतत्र बिन्दू विधायोभौ वृत्ते पूर्वापराभिधौ । तन्मध्ये तिमिना रेखा कर्तव्या दक्षिणोत्तरा॥
Then, draw a line through the timi[1] formed between the (said) east and west points, and it will be the north and south line or the Meridian Line. [1- To draw a line perpendicular to and bisecting the line joining two given points, it is usual to describe two arcs from the two given points as centres with a common radius, intersecting each other in two points: the line passing through the intersecting points is the line required. In this construction, the space contained by the intersecting arcs is called timi "a fish," on account of its form. It is evident that the line drawn through the timi formed between two given points, must be perpendicular to and bisect the line which joins the given points. B. D.]
english translation
tatra bindU vidhAyobhau vRtte pUrvAparAbhidhau । tanmadhye timinA rekhA kartavyA dakSiNottarA॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptयाम्योत्तरदिशोर् मध्ये तिमिना पूर्वपश्चिमा । दिङ्मध्यमत्स्यैः सम्साध्या विदिशस् तद्वद् एव हि ॥
And thus, draw a line through the timi formed between the north and south points of the Meridian Line; this line will be the east and west line. In the same manner, determine the intermediate directions through the timis formed between the points of the determined directions (east, south &c.).
english translation
yAmyottaradizor madhye timinA pUrvapazcimA । diGmadhyamatsyaiH samsAdhyA vidizas tadvad eva hi ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptचतुरस्रम् बहिः कुर्यात् सूत्रैर् मध्याद् विनिर्गतैः । भुजसूत्राङ्गुलैस् तत्र दत्तैर् इष्टप्रभा स्मृता ॥
(In order to find the direction of a given shadow of the Gnomon at a given time, describe a circle in the plane of the Horizon with a radius whose length is equal to that of the given shadow and at its circumference determine the points of the Horizon, the Meridian and east and west lines as mentioned before:) Then describe a square about the said circle through the lines drawn from the centre (of the circle to the points of the Horizon, in such a manner that the square shall touch the circle at the cardinal points) and in this circle (towards the western or eastern part of it according as the given time is before or after noon), draw a line (as a sine,) equal to Bhuja[1] (of the given shadow and perpendicular to the east and west line towards the north or south according as the Bhuja is north or south. To the end of this perpendicular, draw a line from the centre). This (line) will denote the direction of the given shadow (at the given time).
english translation
caturasram bahiH kuryAt sUtrair madhyAd vinirgataiH । bhujasUtrAGgulais tatra dattair iSTaprabhA smRtA ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscript