Surya Siddhanta
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अर्कोनचन्द्रलिप्ताभ्यस् तिथयो भोगभाजिताः। गता गम्याश् च षष्टिघ्न्यो नाड्यो भुक्त्यन्तरोद्धृताः॥
ake the place of the Sun from that of the Moon (found at a given time); divide the remainder, reduced to minutes, by the Bhoga (of a tithi or 720′; the quotient is the number of the elapsed tithis or lunar days.) (The remainder is the gata of the present tithi, and the Bhoga of a tithi diminished by the gata is the gamya of the present tithi.) The gata and gamya of the present tithi, multiplied by 60 and divided by the difference between the diurnal motions (of the Sun and Moon) become the numbers of the past and to be past ghaṭikás (respectively of the present tithi at the given time).
english translation
arkonacandraliptAbhyas tithayo bhogabhAjitAH। gatA gamyAz ca SaSTighnyo nADyo bhuktyantaroddhRtAH॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptध्रुवाणि शकुनिर् नागम् तृतीयम् तु चतुष्पदम् । किम्स्तुघ्नम् तु चतुर्दश्याः कृष्णायाश् चापरार्धतः॥
The four invariable Karaṇas called S'akuni, Nága, Chatushpada and Kinstughna (always appropriate to themselves successively the halves of the tithis,) from the latter half of the fourteenth tithi of the dark half (of a lunar month to the first half of the first tithi of the light half of the next lunar month inclusive).
english translation
dhruvANi zakunir nAgam tRtIyam tu catuSpadam । kimstughnam tu caturdazyAH kRSNAyAz cAparArdhataH॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptबवादीनि ततः सप्त चराख्यकरणानि च। मासे +अष्टकृत्व एकैकम् करणानाम् प्रवर्तते ॥
And the seven variable Karaṇas, Bava[1] &c. afterwards succeed each other regularly, through eight repetitions in a (lunar) month.
english translation
bavAdIni tataH sapta carAkhyakaraNAni ca। mAse +aSTakRtva ekaikam karaNAnAm pravartate ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptतिथ्यर्धभोगम् सर्वेषाम् करणानाम् प्रकल्पयेत् । एषा स्फुतगतिः प्रोक्ता सूर्यादीनाम् खचारिणाम् ॥
It is to be known that all the Karaṇas answer successively to half of a tithi. (O Maya,) thus I have explained to you the Rules for finding the true places of the heavenly bodies, the Sun &c.
english translation
tithyardhabhogam sarveSAm karaNAnAm prakalpayet । eSA sphutagatiH proktA sUryAdInAm khacAriNAm ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscript