Surya Siddhanta
Progress:96.8%
अर्कमानकलाः षष्ट्या गुणिता भुक्तिभाजिताः। तदर्धनाड्यः सङ्क्रान्तेर् अर्वाक् पुण्यम् तथा परे॥
Multiply the sun’s measure in kaläs (minutes) by 60 and divide by its daily motion (bhukti). Half of the result thus obtained when added to or subtracted from the time of entrance (sangkramaëa), gives two time periods whose interval is exceedingly propitious (virtuous).
english translation
अर्काद् विनिःसृतः प्राचीम् यद् यात्य् अहरहः शशी । तच् चान्द्रमानम् अम्शैस् तु ज्ञेया द्वादशभिस् तिथिः॥
The moon, setting out from the sun move from day to day eastwards. For this reason, the time taken to move 12 räçis (signs) from the sun is called a lunar day (tithi).
english translation
तिथिः करणम् उद्वाहः क्षौरम् सर्वक्रियास् तथा। व्रतोपवासयात्राणाम् क्रिया चान्द्रेण गृह्यते॥
Lunar day (tithi), halves of lunar day (karana), marriage, shaving and other general ceremonies, vows (vrata), fasting (upavasa), pilgrimages, etc., are all (karma) determined using the chaandrya (lunar) standard.
english translation
त्रिम्शता तिथिभिर् मासश् चान्द्रः पित्र्यम् अहः स्मृतम् । निशा च मासपक्षान्तौ तयोर् मध्ये विभागतः॥
30 lunar days (tithes) constitutes one lunar month, which is also called a day for the ancestors (pitåidina). Similarly, another 30 lunar days make 1 night for the ancestors (niça). Hence, by virtue of such divisions, the time of 1 month is considered as day or night for the ancestors.
english translation
भचक्रभ्रमणम् नित्यम् नाक्षत्रम् दिनम् उच्यते। नक्षत्रनाम्ना मासास् तु ज्ञेयाः पर्वान्तयोगतः॥
The daily revolution of the circle of signs (bhacakramaëòala) is the sidereal (nakshatrika) day. The names of the months are to be known from the name of the star stationed at the end of the full moon.
english translation