Natyashastra

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siva.sh/natyashastra/8/6

यदुक्तं चत्वारोऽभिनय इति तान् वर्णयिष्यामः । अत्राह -- अभिनय इति कस्मात् । अत्रोच्यते -- अभीत्युपसर्गः णीञ् इति प्रापणार्थको धातुः । अस्याभिनीत्येवं व्यवस्थितस्य एरजित्यच्प्रत्यत्ययान्तस्याभिनय इत्येवं रूपं सिद्धम् । एतच्च धात्वर्थानुवचनेनावधार्यं भवति । अत्र श्लोकौ -- अभिपूर्वस्तु णीञ् धातुराभिमुख्यार्थनिर्णये । यस्मात्पदार्थान्नयति तस्मादभिनयः स्मृतः ॥ ६॥

We shall speak of [the fact that] the abhinaya (Histrionic Representation) is of four kinds. The question is, “Why is it called the abhinaya?” It is said in reply to this that the abhinaya is derived from the prefix abhi, and the verbal root nī meaning ‘to cause to get’ (to attain), and the sufix ac attached to these two. Hence a [full] answer to this should be made after a consideration of the root and its meaning. There is a Śloka on this point . As the root nī preceded by abhi means ‘carrying the performances (prayoga) of a play [to the point of direct] ascertainment of its meaning,’ so [the word made out of them] becomes abhinaya (carrying towards).

english translation

siva.sh/natyashastra/8/7

विभावयति यस्माच्च नानार्थान् हि प्रयोगतः । शाखाङ्गोपाङ्गसंयुक्तस्तस्मादभिनयः स्मृतः ॥ ७॥

Abhinaya is so called because in the performance [of a play] it together with the Śākha, the Aṅga and the Upāṅga explains the meaning of different [things].

english translation

siva.sh/natyashastra/8/8

चतुर्विधश्चैव भवेन्नाट्यस्याभिनयो द्विजाः । अनेकभेदवाहूयं नाट्यं ह्यस्मिन् प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥ ८॥

O Brahmins, the Histrionic Representation of a play takes place in four ways, and on this [Representation] the plays of different types rest.

english translation

siva.sh/natyashastra/8/9

आङ्गिको वाचिकश्चैव ह्याहार्यः सात्त्विकस्तथा । ज्ञेयस्त्वभिनयो विप्राः चतुर्धा परिकल्पितः ॥ ९॥

O Brahmins, this Histrionic Representation is known to be fourfold: Gestures (āṅgika), Words, (vācika) Dresses and Make-up (āhārya) and the Sattva.

english translation

siva.sh/natyashastra/8/10

सात्त्विकः पूर्वमुक्तस्तु भावैश्च सहितो मया । अङ्गाभिनयमेवादौ गदतो मे निबोधत ॥ १०॥

Of these, the Sattva has been described before, along with the States; now listen first of all above the Gestures.

english translation

Chapter 8

Verses 11-15