Natyashastra

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/1/32

तत्र रसानेव तावदादावभिव्याख्यास्यामः । न हि रसादृते कश्चिदर्थः प्रवर्तते । तत्र विभावानुभावव्यभिचारिसंयोगाद्रसनिष्पत्तिः । को दृष्टान्तः । अत्राह - यथा हि नानाव्यञ्जनौषधिद्रव्यसंयोगाद्रसनिष्पत्तिः तथा नानाभावोपगमाद्रसनिष्पत्तिः । यथा हि - गुडादिभिर्द्रव्यैर्व्यञ्जनैरौषधिभिश्च षाडवादयो रसा निर्वर्त्यन्ते तथा नानाभावोपगता अपि स्थायिनो भावा रसत्वमाप्नुवन्तीति । अत्राह - रस इति कः पदार्थः । उच्यते - आस्वाद्यत्वात् । कथमास्वाद्यते रसः । यथा हि नानाव्यञ्जनसंस्कृतमन्नं भुञ्जान रसानास्वादयन्ति सुमनसः पुरुष हर्षादींश्चाधिगच्छन्ति तथा नानाभावाभिनयव्यञ्जितान् वागङ्गसत्तोपेतान् स्थायिभावानास्वादयन्ति सुमनसः प्रेक्षकाः हर्षादींश्चाधिगच्छन्ति । तस्मान्नाट्यरसा इत्यभिव्याख्याताः । अत्रानुवंश्यौ श्लोकौ भवतः - यथा बहुद्रव्ययुतैर्व्यञ्जनैर्बहुभिर्युतम् । आस्वादयन्ति भुञ्जाना भक्तं भक्तविदो जनाः ॥ ३२॥

sanskrit

To begin with, the sentiments (rasas) will be explained, as no meaning is conveyed without rasa. The realization of rasa arises from the combination of determinants (vibhāvas), consequents (anubhāvas), and transitory states (vyabhicāri bhāvas). What is an analogy for this? It is said: Just as the realization of flavors (rasa) occurs from the combination of various condiments, medicinal substances, and ingredients, similarly, the realization of sentiments occurs from the combination of various emotional states (bhāvas). For instance, flavors like sweetness and others are produced by combining substances such as jaggery, condiments, and medicines. In the same way, emotional states, when combined, lead to the transformation of stable states (sthāyin) into sentiments (rasas). The question arises: What is the essence of rasa? It is said: It is that which can be savored. How is rasa savored? Just as individuals savor flavors by consuming food prepared with various condiments, experiencing joy and other emotions, so too do discerning spectators relish the stable states represented through the gestures, expressions, and speech of actors, experiencing joy and other emotions in turn. Thus, dramatic sentiments (nāṭyarasa) are defined. Here, two illustrative verses are cited: "Just as those who are knowledgeable in food savor dishes prepared with a variety of substances and condiments..."

english translation

tatra rasAneva tAvadAdAvabhivyAkhyAsyAmaH | na hi rasAdRte kazcidarthaH pravartate | tatra vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicArisaMyogAdrasaniSpattiH | ko dRSTAntaH | atrAha - yathA hi nAnAvyaJjanauSadhidravyasaMyogAdrasaniSpattiH tathA nAnAbhAvopagamAdrasaniSpattiH | yathA hi - guDAdibhirdravyairvyaJjanairauSadhibhizca SADavAdayo rasA nirvartyante tathA nAnAbhAvopagatA api sthAyino bhAvA rasatvamApnuvantIti | atrAha - rasa iti kaH padArthaH | ucyate - AsvAdyatvAt | kathamAsvAdyate rasaH | yathA hi nAnAvyaJjanasaMskRtamannaM bhuJjAna rasAnAsvAdayanti sumanasaH puruSa harSAdIMzcAdhigacchanti tathA nAnAbhAvAbhinayavyaJjitAn vAgaGgasattopetAn sthAyibhAvAnAsvAdayanti sumanasaH prekSakAH harSAdIMzcAdhigacchanti | tasmAnnATyarasA ityabhivyAkhyAtAH | atrAnuvaMzyau zlokau bhavataH - yathA bahudravyayutairvyaJjanairbahubhiryutam | AsvAdayanti bhuJjAnA bhaktaM bhaktavido janAH || 32||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/1/32

तत्र रसानेव तावदादावभिव्याख्यास्यामः । न हि रसादृते कश्चिदर्थः प्रवर्तते । तत्र विभावानुभावव्यभिचारिसंयोगाद्रसनिष्पत्तिः । को दृष्टान्तः । अत्राह - यथा हि नानाव्यञ्जनौषधिद्रव्यसंयोगाद्रसनिष्पत्तिः तथा नानाभावोपगमाद्रसनिष्पत्तिः । यथा हि - गुडादिभिर्द्रव्यैर्व्यञ्जनैरौषधिभिश्च षाडवादयो रसा निर्वर्त्यन्ते तथा नानाभावोपगता अपि स्थायिनो भावा रसत्वमाप्नुवन्तीति । अत्राह - रस इति कः पदार्थः । उच्यते - आस्वाद्यत्वात् । कथमास्वाद्यते रसः । यथा हि नानाव्यञ्जनसंस्कृतमन्नं भुञ्जान रसानास्वादयन्ति सुमनसः पुरुष हर्षादींश्चाधिगच्छन्ति तथा नानाभावाभिनयव्यञ्जितान् वागङ्गसत्तोपेतान् स्थायिभावानास्वादयन्ति सुमनसः प्रेक्षकाः हर्षादींश्चाधिगच्छन्ति । तस्मान्नाट्यरसा इत्यभिव्याख्याताः । अत्रानुवंश्यौ श्लोकौ भवतः - यथा बहुद्रव्ययुतैर्व्यञ्जनैर्बहुभिर्युतम् । आस्वादयन्ति भुञ्जाना भक्तं भक्तविदो जनाः ॥ ३२॥

sanskrit

To begin with, the sentiments (rasas) will be explained, as no meaning is conveyed without rasa. The realization of rasa arises from the combination of determinants (vibhāvas), consequents (anubhāvas), and transitory states (vyabhicāri bhāvas). What is an analogy for this? It is said: Just as the realization of flavors (rasa) occurs from the combination of various condiments, medicinal substances, and ingredients, similarly, the realization of sentiments occurs from the combination of various emotional states (bhāvas). For instance, flavors like sweetness and others are produced by combining substances such as jaggery, condiments, and medicines. In the same way, emotional states, when combined, lead to the transformation of stable states (sthāyin) into sentiments (rasas). The question arises: What is the essence of rasa? It is said: It is that which can be savored. How is rasa savored? Just as individuals savor flavors by consuming food prepared with various condiments, experiencing joy and other emotions, so too do discerning spectators relish the stable states represented through the gestures, expressions, and speech of actors, experiencing joy and other emotions in turn. Thus, dramatic sentiments (nāṭyarasa) are defined. Here, two illustrative verses are cited: "Just as those who are knowledgeable in food savor dishes prepared with a variety of substances and condiments..."

english translation

tatra rasAneva tAvadAdAvabhivyAkhyAsyAmaH | na hi rasAdRte kazcidarthaH pravartate | tatra vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicArisaMyogAdrasaniSpattiH | ko dRSTAntaH | atrAha - yathA hi nAnAvyaJjanauSadhidravyasaMyogAdrasaniSpattiH tathA nAnAbhAvopagamAdrasaniSpattiH | yathA hi - guDAdibhirdravyairvyaJjanairauSadhibhizca SADavAdayo rasA nirvartyante tathA nAnAbhAvopagatA api sthAyino bhAvA rasatvamApnuvantIti | atrAha - rasa iti kaH padArthaH | ucyate - AsvAdyatvAt | kathamAsvAdyate rasaH | yathA hi nAnAvyaJjanasaMskRtamannaM bhuJjAna rasAnAsvAdayanti sumanasaH puruSa harSAdIMzcAdhigacchanti tathA nAnAbhAvAbhinayavyaJjitAn vAgaGgasattopetAn sthAyibhAvAnAsvAdayanti sumanasaH prekSakAH harSAdIMzcAdhigacchanti | tasmAnnATyarasA ityabhivyAkhyAtAH | atrAnuvaMzyau zlokau bhavataH - yathA bahudravyayutairvyaJjanairbahubhiryutam | AsvAdayanti bhuJjAnA bhaktaM bhaktavido janAH || 32||

hk transliteration by Sanscript