Natyashastra

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siva.sh/natyashastra/31/331

अङ्गभूता हि तालस्य यतिपाणिलयाः स्मृताः । त्रयो लयास्तु विज्ञेया द्रुतमध्यविलम्बिते ॥ ३३१॥

The evenness of syllables and words in metre, produced by the alternation of kalās (time-units and sub-units), is called mānasa laya — the mental or internal rhythm.

english translation

siva.sh/natyashastra/31/332

छन्दोक्षरपदानां हि समत्वं यत्प्रकीर्तितम् । कलाकलान्तरकृतः स लयो मानसञ्ज्ञितः ॥ ३३२॥

The evenness of syllables and words in metre, produced by the alternation of kalās (time-units and sub-units), is called mānasa laya — the mental or internal rhythm.

english translation

siva.sh/natyashastra/31/333

श्रोतोगता च गोपुच्छासमा चात्र विधाय च । लयप्रवृत्तवर्णानामक्षराणामथापि वा ॥ ३३३॥

The three kinds—Śrotogatā (flowing forward), Gopucchā (tapering like a cow’s tail), and Samā (even)—are to be applied here, referring to the arrangement of syllables that follow the course of rhythm and tempo.

english translation

siva.sh/natyashastra/31/334

नियमो या(यो) यतिः स्यात्तु गीतवाद्यसमाश्रयः । समपाणिश्च विज्ञेयो ह्यवपाणिस्तथैव च ॥ ३३४॥

The rule known as Yati (pause or rhythmic division) applies equally to song and instrumental music. It is recognized as of two kinds — Sama-pāṇi (equal or balanced beat) and Avapāṇi (uneven or descending beat).

english translation

siva.sh/natyashastra/31/335

तथैवोपरिपाणिश्च गीतवाद्यसमाश्रयः । लये नयं समं वाद्यं समपाणिः प्रकीर्त्यते ॥ ३३५॥

Similarly, Uparipāṇi (the upper beat) also applies equally to vocal and instrumental music. When the instrumental time (laya) is kept evenly in rhythm, it is called Samapāṇi (the even beat).

english translation

Chapter 31

Verses 336-340