Natyashastra

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siva.sh/natyashastra/31/31

चतुर्द्विकल इत्येवं निःशब्दः परिकीर्तितः । शम्यातालो ध्रुवश्चैव सन्निपातस्तथा परे ॥ ३१॥

Thus, the four types—Catuḥkalā, Dvikalā, etc.—are called the silent Tālas. The others, namely Śamyā, Tāla, Dhruvā, and Sannipāta, are considered the audible ones.

english translation

siva.sh/natyashastra/31/32

इति शब्देन संयुक्तो विज्ञेयस्तु चतुर्विधः । एतेषां चैव वक्ष्यामि हस्ताङ्गुलिविकल्पनम् ॥ ३२॥

That which is accompanied by sound is known to be of four kinds. I shall now describe the variations of hand and finger movements related to these.

english translation

siva.sh/natyashastra/31/33

उत्तानाङ्गुलिसङ्कोच आलाप इति सञ्ज्ञितः । निष्क्रमोऽधोगतस्य(गतानां) स्यादङ्गुलीनां प्रसारणात् ॥ ३३॥

The contraction of fingers turned upward is called Āvāpa. The spreading out of fingers turned downward is called Niṣkrāma.

english translation

siva.sh/natyashastra/31/34

तस्य दक्षिणतः क्षेपो विक्षेप इति सञ्ज्ञितः । निवर्तनं च हस्तस्य प्रवेशोऽधोमुखस्य तु ॥ ३४॥

The swift movement of the downward-turned hand to the right side is called Vikṣepa. The drawing back or inward turning of the downward-facing hand is known as Praveśa.

english translation

siva.sh/natyashastra/31/35

यदा चतुष्कलो योगस्तदा त्वेष विधिः स्मृतः । निष्क्रमश्च प्रवेशश्च द्विकले परिकीर्तितौ ॥ ३५॥

When the combination consists of four Kalās, this is said to be the proper method. The Niṣkrāma and the Praveśa together are said to constitute two Kalās.

english translation

Chapter 31

Verses 36-40